目的 探讨电针干预对肝郁脾虚型腹泻型肠易激综合征（IBS-D）肠道功能异常的调节作用，并阐明其靶向调控降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）、降钙素受体样受体（CRLR）及受体活性修饰蛋白1（RAMP1）通路的分子机制。方法 将40只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组（10只）与模型构建组（30只）。模型构建组采用复合应激法建立肝郁脾虚型IBS-D大鼠模型。模型构建结束后剔除失败样本，将模型构建成功大鼠26只分为模型组（9只）、电针组（9只）和西药匹维溴铵组（8只）。评估各组大鼠体重、粪便含水率及玻璃球排出时间；采用腹部回撤反射（AWR）评分及曲线下面积（AUC）评估内脏敏感性；采用HE染色观察各组大鼠结肠组织的病理学形态；采用Western blotting、免疫组织化学及Real-time PCR检测各组大鼠结肠组织（n=6）中CGRP、CRLR与RAMP1的蛋白及mRNA表达水平。结果 相较空白组，模型构建组大鼠体重显著降低，粪便含水率及AWR评分升高，玻璃球排出时间缩短，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。HE染色显示结肠黏膜呈现轻度水肿伴炎性浸润，组织学评分升高（P<0.01）；结肠组织CGRP、CRLR和RAMP1的蛋白及mRNA相对表达量均显著上调（P<0.01）。与模型组比较，电针组与西药组均能显著改善上述行为学表现及结肠组织病理损伤（P<0.05或P<0.01），且均显著下调了结肠组织中CGRP、CRLR与RAMP1的蛋白及mRNA表达水平，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。在宏观疗效上，西药组对粪便含水率的改善优于电针组（P<0.05），而电针组在缓解重度内脏高敏感（80 mmHg）方面表现出更强的镇痛效能（P<0.05）。结论 电针能有效改善肝郁脾虚型IBS-D大鼠的异常肠道动力并显著缓解内脏高敏感性，其机制与有效抑制结肠组织CGRP/CRLR/RAMP1受体复合体信号通路的过度激活密切相关。

Objective To evaluate how electroacupuncture (EA) mitigates visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) characterized by liver-depression and spleen-deficiency, and to elucidate its molecular mechanism in targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR), and receptor activity-modifyingprotein 1 (RAMP1) receptor complex axis. Methods Forty SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control group (n=10) and the model establishment group (n=30). The IBS-D model was established using a comprehensive stress method. Successfully modeled rats were randomly subdivided into the model group (n=9), electroacupuncture (EA) group (n=9), and Western medicine(pinaveriumbromide)(WM) group (n=8). Body weight, fecal water content, and glass bead expulsion time were evaluated. Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores and the corresponding area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate visceral hyperalgesia. Meanwhile, colonic morphological alterations were examined by HE staining. Furthermore, the transcriptional and translational profiles of CGRP, CRLR, and RAMP1 were analyzed utilizing Real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical assays with 6 independent biological samples from each group (n=6). Results Compared with the blank group, the model establishment group exhibited significantly decreased body weight, alongside significantly increased fecal water content, AWR score, and shortened glass bead expulsion time (all P<0.01). HE staining showed mild edema and inflammatory infiltration in the colonic mucosa, with significantly increased histological scores (P<0.01). A profound upregulation was observed in both the transcript and protein levels of colonic CGRP, CRLR, and RAMP1 (P<0.01). In contrast to the untreated model rats, both EA and pinaverium bromide treatments markedly alleviated the aforementioned behavioral deficits and colonic structural damages (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and significantly down-regulated the protein and mRNA expression levels of CGRP, CRLR, and RAMP1 (P<0.01). Regarding overall efficacy, the WM group showed superior improvement in fecal water content compared to the EA group (P<0.05), while the EA group exhibited stronger analgesic efficacy in alleviating severe visceral hypersensitivity (80 mmHg) (P<0.05). Conclusion Electroacupuncture successfully ameliorates intestinal dysmotility and blunts visceral hyperalgesia in IBS-D rats. Mechanistically, this protective effect is closely tied to the suppression of the hyperactive CGRP/CRLR/RAMP1 signaling cascade within the colonic tissue.