胎儿脑组织研究对神经科学和疾病机制意义重大，其发育过程是理解脑发育及其异常的基础。中国胎儿脑组织库标准化操作方案制定迫在眉睫，可填补国内相关标准化体系空白，支撑基础研究与临床探索，助力应对伦理与样本质量挑战。建立该方案旨在确保操作一致性，减少实验偏差，为疾病研究提供可靠样本，提升国际竞争力。本标准化操作方案结合国内多家脑库实践经验，总结了胎儿脑组织库收集的目标，提出胎儿收集的法律依据及伦理，概括临床资料收集内容和胎儿脑组织取材流程，简述病理诊断规范以及胎儿脑组织相关信息的保存与管理，引入死亡后胎儿脑离体磁共振成像（ex vivo MRI）技术作为辅助手段，旨在建立统一规范标准，强化样本收集处理与共享，推动脑科学研究发展。

Research on fetal brain tissue holds immense significance for neuroscience and disease mechanisms, as its developmental processes form the cornerstone for understanding brain development and its abnormalities. The formulation of a standardized operational protocol for China’s Fetal Brain Tissue Bank is urgently needed, as it can fill the gaps in the domestic relevant standardized system, support basic research and clinical exploration, and assist in addressing challenges related to ethics and sample quality. The establishment of this protocol aims to ensure operational consistency, minimize experimental deviations, provide reliable samples for disease research, and enhance international competitiveness. By integrating the practical experience of multiple domestic brain banks, this standardized operational protocol summarizes the objective  of fetal brain tissue bank collection, proposes the legal basis and ethical considerations for fetal collection, outlines the content of clinical data collection and the procedures for fetal brain tissue sampling, briefly describes pathological diagnosis norms, and details the preservation and management of information related to fetal brain tissue. Additionally, it innovatively introduces postmortem fetal brain ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology. The protocol aims to establish unified and standardized criteria, strengthen the collection, processing, and sharing of samples, and promote the advancement of brain science research.