目的  通过Meta分析与爱丁堡利手量表（EHI）调查，系统比较全球不同人群的利手分布特征，重点明确以宁夏、甘肃人群为代表的中国西北部人群利手分布规律，并分析其与其他人群的差异。方法  在中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）和PubMed数据库检索相关文献，经筛选后进行Meta分析；以宁夏、甘肃人群为研究对象，采用EHI采集利手数据，通过EpiData双录入进行数据管理，运用χ²检验和多元Logistic回归分析法分析利手分布特征及影响因素。结果  Meta分析显示，亚洲人群非右利手比率显著低于欧美人群，且利手分布存在显著地域差异。中国宁夏、甘肃人群单因素分析表明，男性左利手比率显著高于女性，中学及专科教育群体的左利手比率高于小学及本科群体，春夏季出生者左利手率更高（P<0.05）。多元Logistic回归分析进一步证实，男性、中学及专科教育水平是左利手的独立影响因素。整合本研究数据后发现，中国人群总体非右利手比率为8.8%，仅高于日本、瑞典（P<0.001），但低于保加利亚等15个国家或地区（P<0.05）；男女群体的利手分布特征与整体人群一致。结论  利手分布存在地域和性别差异，中国宁夏、甘肃人群表现出独特的利手分布模式，且男性左利手比率显著高于女性。

Objective  To systematically compare the distribution characteristics of handedness in different populations worldwide through meta-analysis and Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) questionnaire, and to clarify the handedness distribution characteristics of northwestern Chinese populations (Ningxia and Gansu populations as samples) as well as their differences from other populations. Methods  Literatures were retrieved and screened from CNKI and PubMed for meta-analysis. Taking Ningxia and Gansu populations as the research objects, EHI questionnaire was used to collect handedness data. EpiData double entry was applied for data management, and χ² test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the distribution characteristics and influencing factors. Results  Meta-analyses had demonstrated that the prevalence of non-right-handedness was significantly lower in Asian populations compared to Western populations, and there were also significant geographical differences in handedness distribution. Univariate analyses of the Ningxia and Gansu cohorts revealed that the rate of left-handedness was significantly higher in males than in females, higher in individuals with middle school or vocational school education than in those with primary school or college education, and higher in individuals born in spring or summer (all P<0.05). Further multivariate logistic regression analysis had confirmed that being male and having middle school or vocational school education were independent risk factors for left-handedness. After pooling the present data,it was found that the overall rate of non-right-handedness in China was 8.8%, which was only higher than that in Japan and Sweden (P<0.001), but lower than that in 15 countries or regions such as Bulgaria (all P<0.05). The characteristics of handedness distribution in male and female groups were consistent with those of the general population. Conclusion  Handedness distribution shows certain regional and gender differences.The Ningxia and Gansu cohorts in China exhibit a distinctive handedness distribution pattern, and the left-handedness ratio in males is higher than that in females