目的 了解现生灵长类前足部骨骼相对尺寸的分布状况。    方法 选取12属现生灵长类的163（雄性85，雌性78）例标本作为研究对象，测量第1~5跖骨长和近节趾骨长，应用主成分分析法和基于均值的对应分析分别观察不同灵长类间跖骨和近节趾骨的相对长度分布状况。同时对比黑猩猩和现代人第1~5跖骨和近节趾骨相对长度在两性间的异同。    结果 现生灵长类的第1跖骨长度明显低于其他跖骨；非人现生灵长类的第1近节趾骨长度明显低于其他趾骨，但现代人的第1近节趾骨长度明显高于其他趾骨。主成分分析结果显示，现生灵长类的跖骨和跖-趾骨相对长度具有良好的分类作用；基于均值的对应分析结果显示，现代人的第3和第4趾/跖骨长明显低于其他非人灵长类。除黑猩猩的第2/5趾骨长和第4/5趾骨长以及现代人的第2/3跖骨长外，多数跖骨和近节趾骨长度比值并不存在明显的性别差异。    结论 现生灵长类前足部骨骼的相对长度存在的较大变异，可为探讨灵长类足部演变过程及其功能适应性提供新的线索。

Objective To investigate the distribution patterns of relative forefoot skeletal dimensions in extant primates.    Methods A total of 163 specimens (85 males and 78 females) from 12 extant primate genera were examined. The metatarsal length and proximal phalangeal length were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and mean-based correspondence analysis for assessing the relative length distribution of the first to fifth metatarsals and proximal phalanges across different primate genera. Additionally, sex-based differences in the relative metatarsal and proximal phalangeal lengths were compared between chimpanzees and modern humans.    Results Among extant primates, the first metatarsal was significantly shorter than the other metatarsals. In non-human primates, the first proximal phalanx was notably shorter than the other proximal phalanges, whereas in modern humans, the first proximal phalanx was distinctly longer than the others. PCA results demonstrated that the relative lengths of metatarsals and metatarso-phalangeal segments provided strong taxonomic differentiation among extant primates. The result of the mean-based correspondence analysis showed that the third and fourth phalangeal length/metatarsal length in modern humans were significantly lower than those of non-human primates. Apart from the second/fifth and fourth/fifth phalangeal length in chimpanzees, as well as the second/third metatarsal length in modern humans, no significant sex differences were observed in the lengthratios of most metatarsals and proximal phalanges.    Conclusion The considerable variation in relative lengths of the forefoot skeletal elements among extant primates provides new insights into the evolutionary trajectory and functional adaptations of the primate foot.