目的 分析河北医科大学人脑组织库内病理诊断为脑淀粉样血管病样本的基本情况及其病理特征，为相关疾病的研究提供参考依据。    方法 通过β-淀粉样蛋白免疫组织化学染色、刚果红染色和偏振光观察诊断脑淀粉样血管病样本，统计样本的性别、年龄和载脂蛋白E基因型等基本资料，分析脑淀粉样血管病病理分型分级、阿尔茨海默病相关病理改变评分及共病等病理信息。    结果 截止至2024年10月，河北医科大学人脑组织库内病理诊断有脑淀粉样血管病样本20例，男女比例3∶1，平均年龄(80.90 ± 8.08)岁；涉及3种载脂蛋白E亚型，5种载脂蛋白E基因型 (ε2/ε3、ε2/ε4、ε3/ε3、ε3/ε4、ε4/ε4)；病理分型涵盖2种，其中1型6例, 2型14例；病理分级涵盖3级。脑淀粉样血管病与阿尔茨海默病样病理改变程度相关，与其他退行性疾病可同时存在且共病率高。    结论 基于脑库收集的高龄样本中脑淀粉样血管病发生率较高，且与阿尔茨海默病和微出血等共存，为样本的进一步科研共享提供了较为详细的病理诊断依据。

Objective To analyze the basic conditions and pathological characteristics of the samples in the Human Brain Bank of Hebei Medical University, which were pathologically diagnosed as cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and to provide reference for the research of related diseases.  Methods The basic data of gender, age, apolipoprotein E genotype, pathological classification of cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Alzheimer’s disease-related pathological change score, comorbidities and other pathological information were analyzed.    Results Up to October 2024, twenty samples were confirmed by pathological diagnosis, with a male to female ratio of 3∶1 and an average age of (80.90 ± 8.08) years. Involve three kinds of apolipoprotein E subtype, 5 kinds of genotypes (ε2/ε3、ε2/ε4、ε3/ε3、ε3/ε4、ε4/ε4); There were 2 pathologic types, including 6 cases of type 1 and 14 cases of type 2. The pathological grade included 3 grades. The severity grade and subtype classification of cerebral amyloid vascular disease were correlated with the degree of pathological changes of Alzheimer’s disease. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy samples could coexist with other degenerative diseases with high comorbidity.    Conclusion The incidence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy is higher in the aged samples collected based on Brain Bank, which coexists with conditions such as  Alzheimer’s disease and microbleeds, etc. It provides more detailed pathological diagnosis basis for further scientific research sharing of samples.