肿瘤是当前人类面对的主要致死类重大疾病。传统的治疗手段，如化疗、手术和放疗等在很长时间内依然将作为肿瘤治疗的主要方式，但效果仍有各自的局限性。近年，以免疫检查点抑制剂、嵌合抗原受体T 细胞（CAR-T）过继疗法、抗肿瘤疫苗等策略的兴起，使肿瘤的免疫治疗备受瞩目。其中，CAR-T免疫疗法作为一种突破性的肿瘤免疫治疗方法，通过改造患者自身的T细胞，使其表达针对特定肿瘤抗原的重组抗原受体，突破了天然T细胞自身的主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）的限制性，在细胞和分子水平上精准地靶向肿瘤,从而能够高效特异地识别和杀伤癌细胞，为治疗肿瘤提供了新途径。自2017年美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准首个CAR-T疗法以来，除在多种血液恶性肿瘤领域依然保持显著优势，也在部分实体瘤和自身免疫性疾病等的治疗和临床试验中取得了突出的进展。我们将对当前CAR-T技术的原理、应用及所要面临的挑战和发展方向进行简要综述。

 Tumor is the main lethal type of major diseases that human beings are facing nowadays. Traditional therapies, such as chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, etc, have been the mainstay of tumor treatment for a long time, and still have their own limitations in terms of effectiveness. In recent years, immunotherapy for tumors has attracted much attention with the rise of strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) relay therapy, and anti-tumor vaccines. Among them, CAR-T cell therapy, as a breakthrough tumor immunotherapy method, can precisely target tumors at the cellular and molecular levels by modifying the patient’s own T cells to express recombinant antigen receptors targeting specific tumor antigens, breaking the restriction of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the natural T cells themselves. It can precisely target tumors at the cellular and molecular levels, and thus can efficiently and specifically identify and kill cancer cells, providing a new perspective for treatment. Since the approval of the first CAR-T therapy by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017, in addition to still maintaining significant advantages in the field of classical multiple hematologic malignancies, it has also made outstanding progress in the treatment and clinical trials of some solid tumors and autoimmune diseases, among others. This paper  will briefly review the current principles, applications, challenges and directions of development of CAR-T technology.