广西融水苗族成人体成分的性别差异及年龄变化

doi:10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2025.03.011

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解剖学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (3) : 329-335. DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2025.03.011

人类学

广西融水苗族成人体成分的性别差异及年龄变化

廖志红¹ 蓝玲^2,3 刘鹏^2,3 周丽宁^2,3 龚继春^2,3徐林^2,3 邓琼英^2,3* 玉洪荣^2,3*

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Gender differences and age-related changes in body composition of Miao adults in Guangxi Rongshui

LIAO Zhi-hong¹ LAN Ling^2,3 LIU Peng^2,3 ZHOU Li-ning^2,3 GONG Ji-chun^2,3 XU Lin^2,3 DENG Qiong-ying^2,3* YU Hong-rong^2,3*

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摘要

目的探讨广西融水苗族成年人体成分（BC）的性别差异及其年龄变化规律，为评价其营养和健康状况提供参考依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法选取广西融水苗族成年人630名（男性218人，女性412人）作为研究对象，采用生物电阻抗法（BIA）测定其身体组成成分，共16项指标。结果苗族男性体质量、去脂体质量、肌肉总量、躯干肌肉量、四肢肌肉量、腰臀比、身体水分、推定骨量和蛋白质含量均大于女性，而女性的脂肪总量、躯干脂肪量、四肢脂肪量、内脏脂肪、皮下脂肪和体脂肪率均大于男性，组间差异均具有统计学意义。根据身体质量指数（BMI）和腰臀比（WHR）评价，苗族成人的超重和肥胖的比例较高，高于苗族人群的平均水平，而且其肥胖以中心性肥胖为主。随年龄增长，融水苗族成年人体质量、脂肪量、肌肉量、去脂体质量、四肢肌肉量、四肢脂肪量、皮下脂肪、体脂率、身体水分、推定骨量和蛋白质含量均呈显著下降趋势，内脏脂肪和腰臀比呈逐渐上升趋势。苗族成年男性的BMI以及苗族成年女性的BMI、脂肪量、躯干脂肪量、皮下脂肪、体脂肪率和身体水分则随年龄增长呈先升后降的趋势，而且均在40～49岁达到峰值。结论广西融水苗族成人体成分具有显著的性别差异和年龄变化规律，而且随年龄增长可能会出现肌少症和代谢性疾病的风险。

Abstract

Objective To investigate gender differences and age-related changes in body composition(BC) among Miao adults in Rongshui, Guangxi Province, and to provide the basis for assessing nutritional status and health. Methods With informed consent, 630 Miao adults (218 males, 412 females) were randomly selected for this study. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA). Results Weight, fat-free mass, muscle mass, trunk muscle mass, limb muscle mass, waist-to-hip ratio(WHR), body water, presumtion of bone mass and protein were significantly higher in males than in females. And the fat mass, trunk fat mass, limb fat mass, visceral fat content, subcutaneous fat content and percentage of body fat were significantly higher in females than in males. According to the evaluation of body mass index(BMI) and WHR, the proportion of overweight and obesity of Miao adults was higher than the average level of Miao residents, and their obesity was characterized by central obesity. With age, weight, fat mass, muscle mass, fat-free mass, limb muscle mass, limb fat mass, subcutaneous fat content, percentage of body fat, body water, presumtion of bone mass, and protein of Rongshui Miao adults showed a gradual decreasing trend, while visceral fat content and WHR increased progressively. BMI in male Miao adults, along with BMI, fat mass, trunk fat mass, subcutaneous fat content, percentage of body fat, and body water in female Miao adults, showed a trend of increasing followed by decreasing, peaking at the age of 40-49 years. Conclusion The body composition of Miao adults in Rongshui, Guangxi, exhibits significant gender differences and age-related variation change patterns, which may increase the risk of sarcopenia and metabolic diseases with aging.

关键词

体成分

/ 性别差异 / 年龄变化 / 生物电阻抗法 / 苗族成人

Key words

Body composition / Gender difference / Age-related change / Bioelectrical impedance analysis / Miao adult

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廖志红蓝玲刘鹏周丽宁龚继春徐林邓琼英玉洪荣. 广西融水苗族成人体成分的性别差异及年龄变化[J]. 解剖学报. 2025, 56(3): 329-335 https://doi.org/10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2025.03.011

LIAO Zhi-hong LAN Ling LIU Peng ZHOU Li-ning GONG Ji-chun XU Lin DENG Qiong-ying YU Hong-rong. Gender differences and age-related changes in body composition of Miao adults in Guangxi Rongshui[J]. Acta Anatomica Sinica. 2025, 56(3): 329-335 https://doi.org/10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2025.03.011

中图分类号： R322 Q983

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