目的 探讨杜鹃素通过调节JAK2/STAT3信号通路对过氧化氢（H₂O₂）诱导的晶状体上皮细胞焦亡的影响。 方法 36只新生SD大鼠随机分为正常组、白内障组（20 μmol/kg亚硒酸钠）、杜鹃素低、中、高剂量组（10、20、40 mg/kg杜鹃素）和阳性对照组（苄达赖氨酸滴眼液），使用裂隙灯观察晶状体混浊度并进行评分，HE染色观察晶状体病理变化。培养人晶状体上皮细胞，分为对照组、模型组、杜鹃素低浓度组（20 mg/L）、杜鹃素高浓度组（40 mg/L）、杜鹃素高浓度+R08191组（40 mg/L+10 μmol/L），除对照组外其余组采用H₂O₂诱导。CCK-8法检测细胞活性；ELISA法测定细胞培养液中白细胞介素（IL）1β、IL-18浓度；倒置相差显微镜观察各组细胞焦亡情况；免疫荧光染色检测GSDMD蛋白N端片段（GSDMD-N）的蛋白表达；流式细胞仪测定细胞活性氧（ROS）含量；Western blotting检测隐热蛋白3（NLRP3）、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白（ASC）、Caspase-1、GSDMD-N、JAK2/STAT3通路蛋白表达。 结果 白内障大鼠晶状体上皮细胞杂乱松散排列，晶状体纤维变性/液化，晶状体混浊度评分增高（P＜0.05）；与白内障组比较，杜鹃素低、中、高剂量组和阳性对照组的晶状体损伤减轻，晶状体混浊度评分下降（P＜0.05），且杜鹃素高剂量组的效果最好，与阳性对照组基本一致。对照组细胞连接紧密，排列整齐，无焦亡细胞；模型组细胞肿胀，有气泡状突出的典型细胞焦亡特征；与模型组相比，杜鹃素低浓度组、杜鹃素高浓度组细胞气泡状突出现象缓解；与杜鹃素高浓度组相比，杜鹃素高浓度+R08191组细胞气泡状突出现象加重。与对照组相比，模型组细胞存活率降低，上清液中IL-18、IL-1β水平、GSDMD-N阳性细胞数、ROS水平、NLPR3、ASC、Caspase-1、GSDMD-N蛋白、p-JAK2/JAK2和p-STAT3/STAT3表达升高（P＜0.05）；与模型组相比，杜鹃素低浓度组、杜鹃素高浓度组细胞存活率升高，上清液中IL-18、IL-1β水平、GSDMD-N阳性细胞数、ROS水平、NLPR3、ASC、Caspase-1、GSDMD-N蛋白、p-JAK2/JAK2和p-STAT3/STAT3降低（P＜0.05）；与杜鹃素高浓度组相比，杜鹃素高浓度+R08191组细胞存活率降低，上清液中IL-18、IL-1β水平、GSDMD-N阳性细胞数、ROS水平、NLPR3、ASC、Caspase-1、GSDMD-N蛋白、p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT3/STAT3升高（P＜0.05）。 结论 杜鹃素可能通过抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路抑制H₂O₂诱导的晶状体上皮细胞焦亡。

Objective  To investigate the effect of farrerol on pyroptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in lens epithelial cells through regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.   Methods  Thirty-six neonatal SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, cataract group (20 μmol/kg sodium selenite), farrerol low dose, medium dose and high dose groups (10, 20, 40 mg/kg farrerol) and positive control group (benzyda lysine eye drops). Lens turbidity was observed by slit-lamp and scored, and pathological changes of lens were observed by HE staining. Human lens epithelial cells were cultured and divided into control group, model group, low concentration farrerol group (20 mg/L), high concentration farrerol group (40 mg/L), high concentration farrerol+R08191 group (40 mg/L+10 μmol/L), except the control group, other groups were induced by H₂O₂. The cell activity was detected by CCK-8 method ; the concentrations of interleukin(IL-1β) and IL-18 in cell culture medium were measured by ELISA; inverted phase contrast microscope was used to observe the cell scorch in each group; The expression of N-terminal fragment of GSDMD(GSDMD-N) protein was detected by immunofluorescent staining; the content of reactive ozygen species(ROS) was measured by flow cytometry; the expressions of latent heat protein(NLRP3), apoptosis-associate speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC), Caspase1, GSDMD-N, JAK2/STAT3 pathway proteins were detected by Western blotting.   Results  In cataract rats, the lens epithelial cells were disorderly and loosely arranged, the lens fibrosis/liquefaction, and the lens turbidity score increased (P<0.05). Compared with the cataract group, the lens damage and the lens turbidity score decreased in the low, medium and farrerol high dose group and the positive control group (P<0.05), and the effect of the farrerol high dose group was the best, which was basically consistent with the positive control group. The cells in the control group were closely connected and arranged in order, without scorched cells; in the model group, the cells were swollen and had typical charring characteristics of bubble like protrusion; Compared with the model group, the cell bubble protrusion in the low concentration farrerol group and the high concentration farrerol group was alleviated; Compared with the high concentration farrerol group, the cell bubble protrusion in the high concentration farrerol +R08191 group was aggravated. Compared with the control group, the cell survival rate in model group was decreased, the levels of IL-18 and IL-1β in supernatant, the number of GSDMD-N positive cells, the level of ROS, the expression of NLPR3, ASC, Caspase1, GSDMD-N protein, p-JAK2/JAK2,  p-STAT3/STAT3 were increased (P<0.05); Compared with the model group, the cell survival rate in the low concentration farrerol group and the high concentration farrerol group was increased, the levels of IL-18 and IL-1β in supernatant, the number of GSDMD-N positive cells, the level of ROS, the expression of NLPR3, ASC, Caspase-1, GSDMD-N protein, p-JAK2/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3 were decreased (P<0.05); compared with the high concentration farrerol group, the cell survival rate in the high concentration farrerol+R08191 group was decreased, the levels of IL-18 and IL-1β in supernatant, the number of GSDMD-N positive cells, the level of ROS, the expression of NLPR3, ASC, Caspase-1, GSDMD-N protein, p-JAK2/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3 signaling were increased (P<0.05).   Conclusion  Farrerol may inhibit H₂O₂-induced pyroptosis of lens epithelial cells by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.