Research on fetal brain tissue holds immense significance for neuroscience and disease mechanisms, as its developmental processes form the cornerstone for understanding brain development and its abnormalities. The formulation of a standardized operational protocol for China's fetal brain tissue bank is urgently needed, as it can fill the gaps in the domestic relevant standardized system, support basic research and clinical exploration, and assist in addressing challenges related to ethics and sample quality. The establishment of this protocol aims to ensure operational consistency, minimize experimental deviations, provide reliable samples for disease research, and enhance international competitiveness. By integrating the practical experience of multiple domestic brain banks, this standardized operational protocol summarizes the objectives of fetal brain tissue bank collection, proposes the legal basis and ethical considerations for fetal collection, outlines the content of clinical data collection and the procedures for fetal brain tissue sampling, briefly describes pathological diagnosis norms, and details the preservation and management of information related to fetal brain tissue. Additionally, it innovatively introduces postmortem fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (ex vivo MRI) technology. The protocol aims to establish unified and standardized criteria, strengthen the collection, processing, and sharing of samples, and promote the advancement of brain science research. 

Objective To investigate the role of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) in the browning of white adipose tissue in mice. Methods Adult male wild-type mice were divided into two groups and housed at room temperature or 4°C for 5 days, respectively. After confirming the successful establishment of the white adipose tissue (WAT） browning model using HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, and Real-time PCR, the expression levels of MANF were detected at both protein and mRNA levels. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated local injection was used to establish the control group (AAV-EGFP) and the experimental group (AAV-MANF). The expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), thermogenic genes, and mitochondrial-related genes were detected by immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, and Real-time PCR. Results Compared with mice housed at room temperature, mice in the cold stimulation group showed smaller cell sizes in inguinal adipose tissue and epididymal adipose tissue，enhanced uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) immunostaining，upregulated UCP1 expression at both protein and mRNA levels, increased expression of thermogenic genes and mitochondrial-related genes, elevated TH protein level, as well as upregulated MANF expression at both protein and mRNA levels. After local overexpression of MANF in inguinal adipose tissue of mice, the inguinal adipocyte size was reduced, the number of UCP1-positive cells was increased, the expression of UCP1 was upregulated at both protein and mRNA levels, the TH protein level was elevated, and the expression of thermogenic genes and mitochondrial genes was also increased. Conclusion The upregulation of MANF expression is closely associated with WAT browning, and local overexpression of MANF in inguinal adipose tissue of mice can promote the browning of WAT.