Objective To clarify the distribution of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in conjunctiva epithelium and Henle gland of rats. Methods Among the twentytwo eyelid specimens of puberty female SD rat were studied by immunohistochemical method. The serum estradiol level of rats was examed by radioimmunoassay. Results Among the twentytwo eyelid specimens, nineteen were positive for estrogen receptor alpha and seventeen for estrogen receptor beta in conjunctiva epithelium. Eighteen were positive for estrogen receptor alpha and seventeen for estrogen receptor beta basal cell in the deep part of Henle gland. All were negative for the two receptors in the goblet cell of Henle gland. The positive rates for the two receptores in conjunctiva epithelium do not statistically show a significant difference (P＞0.05 ); the positive rates for the two receptors in the basal cell in the deep part of the Henle gland do not statistically show a significant difference either (P＞0.05 ). The serum estradiol level of rat was (22.13±3.54)ng/L. Conclusion Those results showed that estrogen and its receptors has an important role in adjusting conjunctiva epithelium and the basal cell in the deep part of Henle gland, while t