Objective To review the physiological characters and potential function of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan, CSPG(NG2) glial cells in the central nervous system. Methods In conclusion of the NG2 glial properties and the global, novel researches on NG2 cells. Results Cells that express the NG2 proteoglycan comprise a unique population of glial cells in the central nervous system. Study on their role in the CNS becomes more and more popular. Previous researches mainly focus on the differentiation and distinction. Now the relationship between NG2 glial cells and neurons, and the synaptic plasticity is becoming a hot topic. Conclusion This review referred the research development of NG2 glial cells, including the differentiation, migration, their interaction with neurons, and the potential role in glial cell regeneration in disease systematically.