Objective To observe the effects of the different inducers on the differentiation of bonemarrowderived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to neurocytes in vitro. Methods Isolation, cultivation and amplification of rat bonemarrowderived MSCs were carried out, and the purified MSCs of the third generation were induced to differentiate into neurocytes by using chemical inducer and biological inducer, respectively. The expression of NSE, NF and GFAP of induced cells in two induced groups were showed using immunocytochemical method, and the induction rates in two groups were analyzed. The Nissl bodies in the induced cells were displayed by thionineeosin staining. Results Under the convert microscope it was observed that the MSCs started to change their shape, and there were several axon or dendritelike processes out from the cell body when the MSCs were induced for 48hours. The induced cells derived from bone marrow MSCs expressed NSE and NF that are the special markers of the mature neurocytes, but they did not express GFAP. The reduction rates of NSE and NF in chemical inducer group were 86.9% and 85.6%, respectively, and in biological inducer group they were 88.2% and 86.8%, respectively. There were no significant differences between these two groups in reduction rates of NSE and NF (P>0.05) . A lot of Nissl bodies in the cell body were seen in induced