Objective To explore physical characteristics of urban adults and rural adults of Han in Fengcheng of Jiangxi province. Methods According to Martin’s Methods, Anthropometric Methods and Anthropomorphic handbook,eighty-six physical characteristics of 307 urban adults (151 males and 156 females) and 398 rural adults (203 males and 195 females) were investigated in Fengcheng of Jiangxi province in May 2010. Results The frequency of the eye fold of the upper eyelid was medium and the mongoloid fold was low. The height of the eye slits was medium,and a half of the subjects had the eye slit at a horizontal level. The highest frequency was the nasal root height of medium-type. The most of nasal profile was straight. A half of zygomatic projection was medium.The nasal base and the height of alae nasi were level and medium-type .The maximal diameter of nostrils was oblique position. The lobe types were mostly round. Hair color was black and eye color was mostly brown. The frequency of yellow skin color was close to light yellow.The highest rate of breadth of ala nais and upper lip skin height were medium-type. Thickness of lips was mainly mean. Some types of physical characteristics of both male and female belonged to brachycephaly type, hypsicephaly type, metriocephaly type, mesoprosopy type and mesorrhiny type. Urban males and females were of middle stature,and rural males and females were sub-middle stature. Rural males and females were length of trunk, medium distance between iliac crest, medium chest circumference, narrow shoulder breadth,and subbrachyskelic type. In addition, rural males had medium shoulder breadth and　mesatiskelic type. Rural females had medium shoulder breadth and subbrachyskelic type. Han of Jiangxi was close to South Asia ethnic group in head facial,body height and width of index (such as head length, width).The head type of face and body of the index of Han of Jiangxi were influenced by the North Asia ethnic group. Conclusion The results of cluster analysis show that the physical characteristics of Han in Jiangxi are most