Objective To study the distribution of intramuscular nerve branches and muscle spindles of the gluteus maximus. Methods Dissection, modified Sihler’s neural staining technique ( EM>n/EM> =6) and hematoxylin-eosin staining ( EM>n/EM> =6) were used to study the gluteus maximus from 12 cadavers. Restults The number of secondary branches of the inferior gluteal nerve were 11-14. They ran along the direction of muscle bundles. Spindle density and spindle index of human gluteus maximus were （14.91±3.05）number/cm3 and （14.12±4.34）number/g, respectively. The highest spindle density and spindle index area of gluteus maximus were in the lower part of the muscle. BR>Conclusions There are many secondary branches of the inferior gluteal nerve. They travel along the direction of muscle bundles. The highest spindle density and spindle