Objective To study the effects of passive smoking on Wistar rat ovarian structure, the expression of hormone receptor and serum hormone. Methods The experimental SD rats were treated with fired smoking cigarette for 3 months. The rats were sacrificed after 3 months treatment. Changes of rat ovarian structures were detected by light and electron microscope, the expression of hormone receptors was detected by immunohistochemistry, changes of serum hormone were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultsThe number of follicles and mature oocytes reduced, vascular contracted in medulla, and the mesenchymal loosed. Mitochondrial were fuzzy, water-like changed and showed vacuolization degeneration and cristae rupture in the granulosa cells of smoking rat. The rough endoplasmic reticulum was degranulated. The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）, lutteinizing hormone （LH） and gonadotropin releasing hormone （GnRH） in sera were obviously lower in the smoking model group than that of the control group(EM>P/EM>0.01， EM>P/EM>0.05，EM>P/EM> 0.05). The intensity of FSHR and LHR in the ovarian tissues was significantly lower in the smoking model rats than that in the control rats for 3 months treatment(EM>P/EM>0.01，EM>P/EM>0.05). Conclusion Passive smoking can degrade the l