Objective To investigate the roles between the neuroapoptosis and the onset, development of Alzheimer’s disease, and the NF-κB’s regulation in neuroapoptosis. Methods APPSWE transgenic mice from postnatal day 0 to postnatal day 180 were used for Nissl staining, Caspase-3 and NF-κB immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis. Results The neuroapoptosis and NF-κB immunostaining in CA3 areas decreased gradually with age increasing. In the meantime, the Caspase-3 positive pyramidal cells and NF-κB positive pyramidal cells were measured. The densities of both Caspase-3 and NF-κB positive cells in APPSWE transgenic mice were higher than that of the agematched controls, and there were statistical differences after P14 (P<0.01 or P<0.05). In addition, the result of RT-PCR was coincident with that of immunohistochemistry. Conclusion The onset and development of Alzheimer’s