Objective To explore the mechanism by which the sanguis draconis flavones(SDF) regulates the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) pathway to mediate cell pyroptosis and improve cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats.    Methods The experimental rats were randomly divided into the control group(Ctrl), the CIRI group, the low-dose SDF group (SDF-L), the high-dose SDF group (SDF-H), and the SDF-H+ROS/TXNIP pathway activator, trimethylamine oxide（TMAO) group（SDF-H+TMAO）. Among them, except for the control group, the remaining rats all needed to establish the CIRI rat model by the modified suture method. Zea Longa scoring was performed on rats from each group. ELISA was used to detect the levels of serum inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and oxidative stress-related factors superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Flow cytometry was used to measure the ROS levels. Cerebral edema was detected. Cerebral infarction was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride （TTC）staining. HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes of brain tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of pyrolytic effector protein dermolin D (GSDMD). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of proteins related to the ROS/TXNIP pathway.    Results Compared with the control group, a large area of cerebral infarctions were observed in the brain tissue of the CIRI group, accompanied by mild hemorrhage and obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells. Neuronal cells underwent degeneration and necrosis, with sparse and disordered arrangement. The phenomena of nuclear condensation and nucleolus lysis were obvious. The Zea Longa score, cerebral infarction volume, brain tissue water content, levels of IL-1β, IL-18, ROS, MDA, and the expressions of GSDMD, TXNIP, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3（NLRP3）, apoptosis-related punctate protein （ASC）, and Caspase-1 increased, while the activities of SOD and GSH-Px decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the CIRI group, the pathological damage of brain tissues in the SDF-L group and the SDF-H group was significantly improved. The Zea Longa score, cerebral infarction volume, brain tissue water content, levels of IL-1β, IL-18, ROS, MDA, and the expressions of GSDMD, TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 decreased. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px increased (P<0.05); TMAO treatment partially reversed the improvement effect of SDF on CIRI in rats.    Conclusion SDF ameliorates cerebral CIRI in rats by inhibiting ROS/TXNIP pathway-mediated pyroptosis.