Objective To investigate the potential mechanism of action of polygonatum odoratum in treating Alzheimer’s disease through the utilization of network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.    Methods The methods employed include target screening, Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and molecular docking simulations to assess the binding interactions between the active compounds in polygonatum odoratum (POD) and the key target proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Subsequently, lipopolysaccharide（LPS）was used to induce an inflammatory cell model in BV2 microglial cells. After treating the cell model with POD extract for 24 hours, the cells were collected, and the expression of the target genes were detected by Real-time PCR.    Results Eight active ingredients and 172 targets of POD were screened. The biological processes such as protein phosphorylation and signal transduction, protein binding and ATP binding were obtained by GO functional analysis. KEGG enrichment yielded PI3K/Akt, cAMP and other signaling pathways. The molecular docking result  showed that the active ingredient of POD had well binding activity with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (SRC), tumor necrosis factor （TNF）, STAT3. Through Real-time PCR experiments, the gene expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), prostaglandin G/H synthase 2(PTGS2), interleukin (IL) -6, and IL-1β in the LPS-induced inflammatory cell model were significantly upregulated. After treating the inflammatory model with POD extract for 24 hours, the expression of TNF-α was significantly reduced, the expression of STAT3 was upregulated, there were no significant changes in the expressions of SRC and EGFR.    Conclusion Network pharmacology suggests polygonatum odoratum’s potential anti-Alzheimer’s effects may be mediated through its interaction with targets such as EGFR, TNF, SRC, and STAT3. The experimental results  suggest that polygonatum odoratum exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by acting on TNF-α, which may further alleviate the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.