Objective To explore the mechanism of ceruloplasmin(CP) in brain iron metabolism. Methods  We obtained glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)-cre-mediated ceruloplasmin knockout mice (CP^GFAP cKO mice) by crossing CP^flox/flox mice with transgenic GFAP-cre mice. Eighty-eight male mice aged 6 months were divided into four groups, WT, GFAP-cre, CP^flox/flox and CP^GFAP cKO. To observe whether astrocytic CP gene knockout specifically through genotype identification and immunofluorescent staining, and Western blotting method. The learning and memory function was detected by Morris water maze, brain iron levels in the cortex and hippocampus of mice were measured by inductively coupled plas mamass spectrometry(ICP-MS) and μ-probe X-ray fluorescence(μ-XRF), and iron contents in serum and liver were detected by iron kit. Results The mice of conditional knockout ceruloplasmin in astrocytes were obtained successfully by genotype identification, immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting method. The learning and memory ability was reduced in the water maze experiment, and iron contents decreased in the cortex and hippocampal regions of 6-month-old CP^GFAP cKO group. While the level of serum iron and liver iron in the four groups did not change significantly. Conclusion The decline of learning and memory ability of mice with astrocytic CP gene knockout specifically is closely related to the decrease in brain iron. The main function of CP may be to help brain cells to absorb iron.