Endurance exercise combined with intermittent cold stimulation promoting white adipose tissue browning in rats

WANG Xiao; LI Liang; CUI Cheng-Li; CAI Zhi-Ping; YU Chang; ZHANG Li-Jia

doi:10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2023.03.014

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Acta Anatomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (3) : 348-356. DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2023.03.014

Histology,Embryology and Developmental Biology

Endurance exercise combined with intermittent cold stimulation promoting white adipose tissue browning in rats

WANG Xiao¹ LI Liang^1* CUI Cheng-li¹ CAI Zhi-ping¹ YU Chang² ZHANG Li-jia²

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Abstract

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of endurance exercise and intermittent cold stimulation on brown adipose tissue activity and white adipose tissue browning in obese rats. Methods Totally 52 SD male obese rats were divided into normothermic control group (NC group)，intermittent cold stimulation group (IC group)，endurance exercise group (EE group) and endurance exercise combined with intermittent cold stimulation group (EI group),13 pieces per group. The ambient temperature of the normothermic control group was 24-26℃；The exercise group used animal running table exercise with a running speed of 20 m/min and a slope of 0°，50 minutes per exercise，exercise 2 times with 20 minutes interval; The cold stimulation group was exposed to an ambient temperature of 4℃ for 4 hours （in the cold storage）, and stimulated 6 days per week for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of continuous stimulation, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was applied to detect the metabolism of interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) in rats. Weighting，measuring body length，sampling tissue and collecting blood samples were detected the four lipids. The expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)，vascular endothelial growth factor-A(VEGF-A)，p38 MAPK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1α) in interscapular brown adipose tissue and inguinal white adipose tissue of rats were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results The body weight，serum total cholesterol （CHOL），triglyceride（TG）and low density lipoprotein （LDL）of IC，EE and EI groups decreased significantly. PET/CT showed that, in BAT，SUVmax increased significantly in IC，EE and EI groups；In iWAT，maximum standard intake value (SUVmax) increased significantly in EI group. Immunohistochemistry showed: in BAT and iWAT, the number and the density of adipocytes of IC, EE and EI groups increased，and iWAT adipocytes appeared brown adipocytes. Western blotting showed that, in the BAT, the expression level of UCP1 protein in IC，EE and EI groups increased significantly；In the iWAT, the expression levels of UCP1 and PGC-1α in IC group，EE group and EI group increased significantly ；The expression level of p38 MAPK protein in IC group and EI group increased significantly；The expression level of VEGF-A protein in EE group and EI group decreased significantly. Conclusion All three experimental protocols can promote brown adipose tissue activation and white adipose tissue browning in obese rats after intervention，with intermittent cold stimulation combined with endurance exercise having the most significant effect.

Key words

Endurance exercise

/ Cold stimulation / White adipose tissue / Brown adipose tissue / Immunohistochemistry / Western blotting / Positron emission tomography/computedtomography / Rat

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WANG Xiao LI Liang CUI Cheng-li CAI Zhi-ping YU Chang ZHANG Li-jia. Endurance exercise combined with intermittent cold stimulation promoting white adipose tissue browning in rats[J]. Acta Anatomica Sinica. 2023, 54(3): 348-356 https://doi.org/10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2023.03.014

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