Objective To explore the anatomical spatial relationship between aorta, superior and inferior vena cava and vertebral body in normal 13-15-year-old adolescents, and to provide evidence for anterior or posterior approach of operation on adolescent. Methods The normal thoracolumbar CT data of 63 13-15-year-old adolescents in Inner Mongolia were collected, including 15 cases of 13-year-old, 21 cases of 14-year-old and 27 cases of 15-year-old. The serial scanning data of thoracolumbar spine tomography were imported into Mimics16.0 for analysis and measurement in DICOM format. The focus of left transverse process and spinous process was determined as the original O point. Measuring the distance of aorta from origin O (AO), the aortic-vertebral angle(α),the distance of the superior vena cava from the origin O(V₁O), the superior vena cava-vertebra body angle(β), the distance of the inferior vena cava from the origin O(V₂O), the inferior vena cavavertebra angle(θ). Results AO,α：13-year-old（52.16±3.21）mm，（1.89±0.47）°；14-year-old（52.63±2.28）mm，（-1.91±0.97）°；15-year-old（57.57±3.52）mm，（-2.47±0.66）°；V₁O，β：13-year-old（66.71±5.82）mm，（-5.14±1.42）°；14-year-old（77.01±2.89）mm，（-11.18±2.64）°；15.year.old（78.54±0.70）mm，（-20.61±2.05）°；V₂O,θ：13-year-old（62.69±5.66）mm，（-23.85±1.92）°；14-year-old（65.71±5.39）mm，（-18.46±2.77）°；15-year-old（75.98±8.49）mm，（-18.58±2.09）°,There was significant difference in the distance and angle between large vessels and vertebral bodies between different vertebrae(P<0.05). Conclusion Mastering the distance and angle between large vessels and vertebral bodies is helpful to reduce the incidence of vascular injury in the process of spinal nailing.