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Olive leaf extract improves cognition and reduces oxidative damage and apoptosis in mice with heroin dependence
WANG Yu* WANG Sheng-qing CUI Wen-hui QI Lin-lin
Acta Anatomica Sinica ›› 2015, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4) : 462-470.
Olive leaf extract improves cognition and reduces oxidative damage and apoptosis in mice with heroin dependence
Objective To observe the effect of olive leaves extract (OLE) on cognition, oxidative damage and hippocampal apoptosis in heroin-dependent mice. Methods One hundred and fifty mice were given subcutaneous administration of heroin (10 mg/ kg) for 40 days, and then treated with different doses (0, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg) of OLE. The spatial learning and memory abilities were evaluated with Morris water maze test. Changes of the cell structure of hippocampus were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Spectrophotometry was used to detect the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Bax protein and caspase-3 expression in the hippocampus were determined by immunohistochemical and Western blotting analysis. Results Hippocampal neurons in the model group showed irregularity of nuclear membrane, abnormal or vacuolar structures of organelles. The escape latency and escape distances in the model group were significantly longer and the time spent and swimming distance percentage in the target quadrant were significantly shorter than that in the normal control group (P<0.01). The activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH in the model group lower than those of the normal control group, while the content of MDA was higher than that of normal control group (P<0.01). The expressions of Bax protein and Caspase-3 in the hippocampus of the model group were increased compared with the normal control group (P<0.01). Administration of OLE alleviated neuronal injuries and reduced damage to organells, and shortened the escape latency and escape distances, prolonged the time spent and swimming distance percentage in the target quadrant. Moreover, the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH in OLEtreated groups increased, while the MDA content and expressions of Bax protein and Caspase-3 decreased, in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion The neuroprotective effects of OLE on heroininduced brain damage are associated with its properties of antioxidant and inhibiting apoptosis.
olive leaves extract / heroin / hippocampus / learning and memory / oxidative damage / apoptosis / immunohistochemistry
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