Objective To establish an ideal focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in mI>onkey/I>s. Methods Adult healthy rhesus mI>onkey/I>s (Macaca mulatta) 12 cases (male 6 and female 6), aged 4-7 years and weighted 4.8-7.5kg. were used in this study. The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was established by inserting a standard micro-balloon catheter intraluminally from the carotid common artery or femoral artery into the proximal segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). The regional cerebral blood flow of MCA was occluded by expanding the micro-balloon to cause ischemia, and withdrawing the micro-ballon catheter to reperfuse the MCA. The MCAO/R model was evaluated by angiography, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and neurological behavoral function scores. Results By inserting a micro-balloon catheter intraluminally from the carotid common artery or femoral artery into the MCA, the micro-balloon catheter could be inserted into the MCA to occlude blood flow, and no image of MCA shown on TV screen. In MCA blood flow supplied area, magnetic resonance T1, T2 and DWI showed high signals, TTC staining showed cerebral ischemic infarction, and correspondly the mI>onkey/I>s showed neurological function disorders. This method used a simple operatire procedure had a high successful rate, and could be repeated. Conclusion We showed ideal method to establish the MCAO/R model in mI>onkey/I>s by inserting intraluminally a micro-balloon catheter into the MCA.