Objective To observe the remodeling process of reinnervation and somatotopy of facial motor neurons after traumatic facial paralysis, and then explore its role in the mechanism of postpalsy sequela. Methods The facial paralysis models were set up by facialfacial anastomosis in rat. The remodeling process of somatotopic organization and reinnervation of facial motor neurons were observed by Nissl staining and retrograde labeling methods 60 days after the operation. The ultrastructure of the facial motor neurons and its synaptic contacts were observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM) on the 90th day after the operation. Results 1.There were similar numbers and organization of facial motor neurons among the Nissl stained neurons on the both sides and FG (Fluoro Gold) labeled on the normal side. No necrosis or apoptotic appearances were found in facial motor neurons on the operational side by Nissl staining or ultrastructural observation. On the operational side the FG labeled motor neurons, representing reinnervating through the suture site successfully, decreased significantly compared with those of Nissl staining (P<0.05). There existed quite a few Nissl stained motor neurons withthout FG labelling and successful reinnervation on the operational side. 2.By double fluorescent retrograde tracing technique, some motor neurons innervating temporal branch were found distributed in subnucleus divisions that dominanted buccal branch. The ratio of such dislocated singlelabeled motor neurons on the operational side were higher than that on the normal side (P<0.05). The doublelabeled neurons by FG and FR (Fluoro Ruby) only appeared on the operational side. Conclusion After facialfacial anastomosis, the aberrant reinnervating can affect the genesis of postpalsy sequela. Further studies are needed on dormant motor neurons of such type for their role in the mechanism o