Objective To explore the best condition for nonhematopoietic stem cells in human umbilical cord blood(HUCB) to differentiate into nerve cells. Methods The mononuclear cell fraction was obtained by Ficoll gradient separation. Immunophenotyping of HUCBderived nonhematopoietic stem cells was detected by flow cytometry. The HUCB derived nonhematopoietic stem cells were stained by immunohistochemical staining after 4 days of teatment with RA, EGF+bFGF, RA+EGF+bFGF and DMSO+BHA. Results The HUCBderived nonhematopoietic stem cells were CD90,CD166 and HLA-ABC positive, but CD34 negative and expressed the neural markers β-tubulin-Ⅲ(neurons), GFAP(astrocytes), and GalC(oligodendrocytes)after being treated with different inducers. Interestingly, the cells showed a high commitment to oligodendrocytes(57.02%), the positive cell numbers of Gal-C>β-tubulin-Ⅲ>GFAP.Conclusion RA is the best