Objective To investigate the intervening effects of Ganoderma spore on the decrease of cell proliferation and neuronal survival in the hippocampus of fetal and postnatal rats induced with gestational hypertension. Methods Fourty SD pregnant rats were divided into four groups including the control group, NwnitroLarginine methylester(LNAME)+distilled water(DW) group, LNAME+LArginine group and LNAME+Ganoderma spore(GS) group. The hippocampal tissue of the brain was detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, RT-PCR, flow cytometry and electron microscopy. Results After the application of LNAME, the expressions of hypoxia inducing factor-1α(HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) were increased at the hippocampus of E21 brain and continued up to P30 brain. The microvessel density of E21 hippocampus was increased and the structural abnormalities of blood capillary at P30 hippocampus were showed. The cell proliferation was decreased at E21 hippocampus and so was the neuronal number at P30 hippocampus. With the administration of Ganoderma spore, HIF-1α and VEGF were downregulated at E21 hippocampus and were not detected at P30 hippocampus. The microvessel density of E21 hippocampus reached a normal level and the blood capillary ultrastructure of P30 hippocampus was restored. The cell proliferation of E21 hippocampus and neuronal number of P30 hippocampus were recuperatively incr