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大鼠腹壁浅动脉穿支皮瓣的解剖学
Anatomy of the superficial epigastric artery perforator flap in rats
目的 探讨大鼠腹壁浅动脉穿支皮瓣的解剖学特点，为该皮瓣切取提供解剖学依据。方法 SD大鼠27只，7只行大体解剖，描述该皮瓣的解剖学特点；20只经颈总动脉行明胶氧化铅灌注，并通过图片处理技术测量相关数据。 结果 腹壁浅动脉由股动脉发出后在穿浅筋膜处发出第1个分支，随即分为内外侧支，分别与胸外侧动脉和胸背动脉吻合。其外径在股动脉发出处为（0.46±0.02）mm，在穿经浅筋膜处为（0.46±0.02）mm，其营养面积为（18.37±3.67）cm2，其与胸背动脉的吻合区距离腋下水平线和腹中线分别为（5.34±0.86）cm和（4.38±0.38）cm；与胸外侧动脉的吻合区距离腋下水平线和腹中线分别为（6.28±0.69）cm和（2.04±0.33）cm。 结论 大鼠腹壁浅动脉解剖位置和外径恒定，是游离皮瓣移植、皮瓣动脉增压、血流动力学研究等的理想模型。
Objective To investigate the anatomy of the superficial epigastric artery perforator flap, and to provide anatomical basis for harvesting flap. Methods Of 27 SD rats, 7 were used for gross anatomy observation and anatomic characteristics and 20 rats for lead oxide-gelatin injection followed by computer picture processing, measurements and the related parameters recording. Results The superficial epigastric artery originated from femoral artery, and gave off its first branch when passed through the superficial fascia. The trunk branched into a lateral perforator and a medial perforator, which anastomosed with thoracodorsal artery and lateral thoracic artery, respectively. The average external diameter of superficial epigastric artery was(0.46±0.02)mm at its starting point，and(0.46±002)mm at the superficial fascia level. The nutritive area of superficial epigastric artery was (18.37±3.67) cm2. The anastomosed area with thoracodorsal artery and lateral thoracic artery was(5.34±0.86)cm and(6.28±0.29)cm, respectively, away from the horizontal line through axillary，and (4.38±0.38)cm and(2.04±0.33)cm, respectively, away from the ventral median line. Conclusion The position and external diameter of superficial epigastric artery are constant, and the superficial epigastric artery perforator flap is a ideal flap model for research on free flap transplantation, flap supercharging, and hemodynamics.
腹壁浅动脉 / 穿支皮瓣 / 解剖学 / 血管造影 / 大鼠
Superficial epigastric artery / Perforator flap / Anatomy / Angiography / Rat
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