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神经干细胞分化调控机制的研究进展
Progress in the studies of neural stem cell differentiation
神经干细胞（NSCs）是一类具有自我更新和多方向分化潜能的干细胞，可以分化为神经元，星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。自从1992年Reynolds等从小鼠纹状体中分离到神经干细胞之后，相关的研究已经取得了很大的进展。然而由于中枢神经系统内神经干细胞数量较少，而神经系统损伤后移植的外源的神经干细胞大多分化为神经胶质细胞，进而形成瘢痕组织，限制了神经系统的恢复。因此，如何实现神经干细胞的定向诱导分化成为当前该领域的核心问题。
Neural stem cells (NSCs) exist widely in human and mammalian central nervous system. NSCs are multipotent stem cells and have the ability of self-renewal. They can generate neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Since Reynold et al firstly isolated NSCs from the corpus striatum of mice, great progress as in this field has been made. However, the number of NSCs in central nervous system (CNS) is relatively small. And as NSCs transplanted into animal brain they mainly differentiate into glial cells and form cicatrix tissue, which restricts the repair of CNS. These factors affect the applications of NSCs in clinical medicine. So how to achieve the directed differentiation is a crucial tissue in this field. The research progress is reviewed in this paper.
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