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浙江汉族的体质特征
Physical Characteristics of Zhejiang Han
目的 探讨中国浙江汉族人的体质特征并分析其在蒙古人种中的分型地位。方法 采用国际学术界规定方法，在浙江绍兴地区调查了330例男性（城市男性为144例，乡村男性为186例）和357例女性（城市女性为153例，乡村女性为204例）成人的86项体质指标，计算了24项体质指数，统计了指数分型情况，与我国族群资料进行了比较，对浙江汉族体质特征进行了初步分析。结果 浙江汉族人上眼睑有皱褶率较低，有蒙古褶率低，眼裂高度多为狭窄型，眼外角多高于眼内角，鼻根高度多为中等型，鼻背侧面观多为直型，颧部突出度男性多为微弱型，女性多为中等型；鼻基部多呈水平；鼻翼高度多为中等，鼻孔最大径多为斜位，鼻翼较宽；耳垂多为圆形；上唇皮肤部高度多为低，红唇男性中等型较高，女性中等型率最高、薄型率次之。发黑，肤黄、眼褐。总体说来，浙江汉族头面部测量指标值接近于北亚类型族群。浙江汉族头面部指数值介于南亚、北亚类型族群之间。浙江汉族的体部指标值接近于北亚类型族群，体部指数值更接近于北亚类型族群，但亦有南亚类型族群特点。从指数均值来看，浙江汉族男性女性均为圆头型、高头型、中头型、阔面型，中鼻型。按体部指数均值，浙江汉族男女性均为长躯干型、窄肩型、中骨盆型；男性为中胸型，女性为窄胸型；城乡男性和城市女性为中腿型，乡村女性为亚短腿型。结论 浙江汉族体质更接近于北亚类型族群。聚类分析结果表明，9个汉族族群未能聚在一起。汉族族源的多元性，导致不同地区汉族体质的较大差异。将整个汉族笼统地归入一个体质类型，可能并不恰当。
Objective To study the physical characteristics of Zhejiang Han, and analyze the systematic status of Zhejiang Han in Mongoloid types. Method Using the method specified in the international academic community, the study investigated 86 physique targets for adults including 330 males in Zhejiang province (144 urban and 186 rural males) and 357 females (153 urban and 204 rural females), calculated 24 physique indices, counted index types, compared data with Chinese ethnic groups, and preliminarily analyzed the physique characteristics of Zhejiang Han. Results The Zhejiang Han (male and female)had a low percentage of eyefold of the upper eyelid, and a low percentage of Mongoloid fold. Most of the opening height of eyeslits were narrow, external angle was higher than internal angle, most of the nasal root height were middle size, straight nasal profile, most of zygomatic projection were tiny in male while middle in female, the nasal base was level, mostly oblique maximal diameter of nostrils, height of alae nasi was middle and wide breadth of alae nasi; round Lobe types, low size upper lip skin height, higher rate of middle size thickness of lips in male and highest rate of middle size thickness of lips and thin the second in female, black hair color, yellow skin color, brown eye color. Overall, the anthropometry indicators of head and face of Zhejiang Han were close to North Asia ethnic groups. The indices of head and face ranged between North Asia ethnic groups and South Asia ethnic groups. The anthropometry indicators of body were close to North Asia ethnic groups. Indices of body were not only close to North Asia ethnic group, but also to South Asia ethnic groups. Judged from the indices’ mean, both male and female of Zhejiang Han were brachycephaly, hypsicephalic type, metriocephalic type, euryprosopy and mesorrhiny. Judged from the indices of body, both male and female of Zhejiang Han were long trunk, narrow shoulder breadth, medium distance between iliac crests. Male was medium chest circumference, female was narrow chest circumference. Urban and rural male and urban female were mesatiskelic type, while rural female was subbrachyskelic type. Conclusion The physique of Zhejiang Han is close to North Asia ethnic group. The results of cluster analysis show that the 9 Han ethnic groups fail to cluster together. The clan source of Han ethnic groups is diversity, which leads to large differences in physique among different areas. It may not be appropriate to classify the whole Han ethnic groups loosely as a physical type.
Zhejiang / Physique / Observation in vivo / Measurement in vivo / Han
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