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猪动脉及心脏瓣膜内皮细胞的形态学特征
Morphological features of endothelial cells of arteries and cardiac valve in the pig
目的 探讨猪大、中动脉及心脏瓣膜内皮细胞的形态学特征，为血管的临床和实验研究积累资料。方法 动物在生理压下先后灌注肝素生理盐水和中性福尔马林溶液，取出升主动脉、主动脉弓，主动脉降部等大动脉和主动脉瓣；颈总动脉、胸廓内动脉、冠状动脉及其前后降支
等中动脉。标本按照电子显微镜常规处理，扫描电子显微镜下观察其内皮细胞的形态学特征。结果 在大、中动脉的直部，内皮细胞呈梭形，核区微隆起，其长轴与血流方向一致。在大动脉弯曲部和主动脉瓣，内皮细胞呈卵圆形，有丰富的微绒毛。在冠状动脉观察到多个白细胞黏附在
内皮表面。在右冠状动脉的后室间支，观察到一处细胞正处在更新状态。在胸廓内动脉、颈总动脉和冠状动脉观察到黏附在内皮表面且具有长突起的细胞，其胞体呈圆形、卵圆形、三角形等，突起数量2~6个不等。有的突起有分叉。结论 内皮细胞的形态、排列、微绒毛的长度、密度
和数量等随部位的不同而有差异，切应力可能是造成这些差异的重要因素之一。
Objective To investigate the morphological feature of endothelial cells of large and middle-sized arteries in the pig and provide basic data for experimental and clinical research of blood vessels. Methods Animals were perfused with heparin
physiological saline and fixed with perfusion of formaldehyde at the physiological pressure. The ascending aorta,arotic arch, descending aorta, aortic valve, common carotid artery,internal thoracic artery, coronary arteries and their anterior and posterior
descending branches were collected and observed under a scanning electron microscope. Results Endothelial cells were fusiform and the nuclei slightly extruded to the lumen. The long axis of the cells was consistent with the direction of the blood stream
in the straight part of large and middle-sized arteries.In curved part of large artery and aortic valve, endothelial cells were ovary and rich in microvilli.There were regenerating endothelial cells in the posterior descending branch of the right coronary
artery. In the common carotid artery,internal thoracic artery and coronary arteries,a few cells with long processes were seen, their cell bodies appeared as round, ovary, triangular or irregular shape, the number of processes varied from two to six, and
some processes were bifurcated. Conclusion The size,shape and arrangement of endothelial cells and the length and density of microvilli are different at different locations. Shear stress may be one of major causes leading to these difference.
内皮细胞 / 形态学 / 长突起细胞 / 扫描电子显微镜 / 猪
Endothelial cell / Morphology / Long process cell / Scanning electron microscopy / Pig
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