目的 探讨牦牛心室普肯耶纤维的分布和结构特点，为高原哺乳动物心室传导系统的研究积累形态学资料。 方法 采用墨汁灌注、ABS树脂灌注铸型，石蜡切片HE染色、Masson染色和免疫组织化学染色技术，观察60只成年牦牛的心室普肯耶纤维分布及结构特征。结果 牦牛心室普肯耶纤维束周围包绕有结缔组织鞘。左束支在室间隔内膜下层有2条或3条分支；右束支经隔缘肉柱在右前乳头肌根部心肌层中有3条或4条分支。心室普肯耶纤维在心内膜下层呈多边形网状分布,并在心肌层中发出大量分支，左、右心室乳头肌顶端内膜下层未观察到普肯耶纤维分布。普肯耶纤维呈卷轴状、蜂窝状、漏斗状或脊状构型。Cx43在普肯耶纤维呈膜阳性。结论ABS树脂灌注铸型技术能用于心室普肯耶纤维分布的研究。牦牛心脏左束支和右束支呈不对称分布，左束支较发达。

Objective To study the distribution and structural characteristics of the ventricular Purkinje fibers of 60 adult yaks, and to collect morphological data for the study of ventricular conduction system of plateau mammals. Methods The ink injection,ABS proplasm,HE staining,Masson ’s trichrome staining and immunohistochemical staining methods were used. Results The connective tissue sheath was found around the Purkinje fibres of the ventricle of yak. The left bundle branch of the yak heart had bi-fascicular or tri-fascicular structures in the subendocardial layer of the septum. The right bundle branch of the yak heart had tri-fascicular or quadric-fascicular structures in the myocardium at the root of the right anterior papillary muscle, by going through the moderator band.The Purkinje fibres that existed in the subendocardial layer presented a polygonal reticulate distribution, and extended out numerous branches to the myocardium. No Purkinje fiber was found on the top subendocardial layer of the papillary muscle. The configurations of the Purkinje fibers were scroll-shaped, honeycombed-shaped, funnel-shaped and ridge-shaped. Cx43 was found membrane positive in Purkinje fibres. Conclusion The ABS proplasm techonlogy can be used to study the distribution of Purkinje fibres. Left bundle branch and right bundle branch of yak heart are asymmetrically distributed, with the left bundle branch more developed.