Objective To explore the antioxidatition and mechanism of the resveratrol’s in status epilepticus（SE）rat model induced by treated with LiCl plus repeated low doses of pilocarpine. Methods Fifty-four SD rats were divided into three groups at random: control group, model group and treatment group. The rat SE model was established by injecting LiCl plus repeated low doses of pilocarpine into the abdominal cavity. Meanwhile, model rats were treated by injecting peritoneally resveratrol (30mg/kg). The concentration of the thiol antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and glutathione reductase (GR), were examined by the colorimetric method in the hippocampus. The protein expression of the Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Bax were measured using the immunohistochemistry and Western blotting technology. Results The SE model rats exhibited a significant decrease in the concentration of SOD, GSH, GSH-PX, GR and Bcl-2, while an increase in concentration of Bax, Caspase-3 and the number of positive cells compared to the control group ( P 0.05). After treatment of the resveratrol, the treatment group rats exhibited significant an increase in seizure latency. Resveratrol significantly upregulated the concentration of the thiol antioxidants (SOD, GSH, GSH-PX, GR) and increased the expression of the Bcl-2 and the number of the positive cells ( EM>P /EM>0.05), while decreasing the expression of Caspase-3, Bax and the number of the positive cells compared to model group ( EM>P/EM> 0.05). Conclusion Resveratrol may resist the oxidative damage induced by SE, and play a neuroprotective role in the hippocampus of the SE model rat by upregulating t