Objective To examine the expression of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) during the development of mouse ovaries. Methods Ovaries were isolated from mice at gestation day14.5, day16.5, day18.5, newborn and three-week-old. The samples of each group were six. FGF10 protein was detected in mice ovaries by immunohistochemistry.Three-week-old mice were treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin(PMSG), by intraperitoneal injection and forty-eight hours after human chorionic gonadotrophin ( hCG ) was injected into those mice, mRNA was extracted after three hours of injection hCG，the expression of FGF10, luteinizing hormone receptor(LHR), FGF7 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2Ⅲb(FGFR2Ⅲb) mRNA in ovaries were compared by RT-PCR. Results FGF10 protein expressed in the oocytes in different developmental stages of mouse ovary, and the highest level of staining was observed in the oocytes of the newborn mouse. After gonadotrophins injection, RT-PCR results showed that the expression of FGF10 mRNA decreased, but LHR increased, and FGF7 and FGFR2Ⅲb mRNAs levels unchanged. Conclusion FGF10 is localized on the cell membrane of oocytes of mouse， and gonadotrophins affect the expression of FGF10 mRNA in the ovary of mouse. These results indicate that FGF10 may be connected with regulating o