ObjectiveTo observe the effect of transplanting the adipose-dervived stem cells(ADSCs) on free radical metabolism and immune function of rat aging model induced by D-galactose from fasiaology perspective; to explore a new method for anti-aging. MethodsThe ADSCs were cultured in vitro. Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group(A), aging model group(B) and treat group(C). Ten rats in each group. Rats in B and C groups were injected D-galactose continually into make the sub-acute aging model rats.After 8-week injections of D-galactose, rats in group C were injected ADSCs(3×106/ml) through caudal vein. After 2-week transplantions of ADSCs, T-SOD, CuZn-SOD, MDA, NO, IL-2 and spleen index levels in serums of each group were detected and compared among the three groups. ResultsCompared with the A group, the SOD, NO, IL-2 level and spleen index in serum in group B decreased significantly, while the contents of MDA increased significantly. Compared with group B, the SOD, NO, IL-2 level and spleen index in serum in group C had been improved, and the contents of MDA decreased significantly. ConclusionTransplanting ADSCs can improve the antioxidant ability and strengthen the cellular immune function of aging rats.Further more, it can delay the ageing procedure induced by D-galactose in rats.