目的 探讨超数排卵激素处理对小鼠子宫的不良影响。方法 将27只雌性小鼠分为超数排卵受体组(n=13)和正常受体组（n=14），受体为与输精管结扎雄性小鼠合笼的假孕小鼠。超数排卵受体组小鼠腹腔注射7.5 IU 孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG），48 h后注射7.5 IU 人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）；正常受体组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水。将3.5 d囊胚通过手术法移植到两组受体中，统计着床率；胚胎移植到受体子宫1、3、6 h后冲出，观察胚胎变化；针对正常受体子宫和超数排卵受体子宫样本进行组学分析。结果 将3.5 d囊胚分别移植到正常受体小鼠与超数排卵受体小鼠，超数排卵受体组7.5 d胚胎着床率为42.74%，显著低于正常受体组的74.34%（P<0.01）。超数排卵受体子宫中胚胎在不同时间点表现出不同程度损伤，正常受体子宫中胚胎1 h几乎无变化，6 h有扩张趋势，但未出现损伤。转录组分析2.5 d受体小鼠子宫内膜样本，共获得1479个差异基因（951个上调、528个下调），9个显著上调基因（ctla-2α、LCN2、GPX3等），主要参与炎症反应调节、氧化应激、免疫效应等生物学过程。代谢组分析2.5 d受体小鼠子宫样本，共筛选出161种显著差异代谢物，其中正离子模式下55种上调，37种下调，负离子模式下53种上调，16种下调。京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析显示，差异代谢物主要参与代谢过程等通路。结论 超数排卵激素处理后，小鼠子宫免疫微环境异常且代谢紊乱，影响移植胚胎质量，进而降低着床率。

Objective To investigate the adverse effects of superovulatory hormone treatment on the uterus of mice. Methods Twenty-seven female mice were divided into the superovulation recipient group and the normal recipient group (control group, injected with normal saline). For the superovulation recipient group, each mouse was intraperitoneally injected with 7.5 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), followed by an injection of 7.5 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) after 48 hours. All recipients were pseudopregnant mice obtained by cohabitation with vasectomized male mice. In experiment 1, 3.5-day-old blastocysts were transferred into the uteri of recipients in both groups via surgical method, and the implantation rate was subsequently calculated and recorded. In experiment 2, after the blastocysts were transferred into the recipients’ uteri, the embryos were flushed out on 1, 3 and 6 hours post-transfer, respectively, and the morphological changes of the embryos were observed. Omics analysis was performed on the uterine tissue samples collected from normal recipients and superovulation recipients. Results Blastocysts of 3.5 days were separately transferred into the normal and superovulation recipient mice. The embryo implantation rate of the superovulation recipient group was 42.74% on 7.5 days post-transfer, which was significantly lower than that of 74.34% in the normal recipient group (P<0.01). After the embryos were transferred into the uteri of the two recipient groups respectively, the embryos in the uteri of superovulation recipients exhibited varying degrees of damage at different time points, whereas the embryos in the uteri of normal recipients only underwent normal growth and development. For transcriptomic analysis, endometrial tissue samples were collected from recipients on 2.5 days post-treatment, and a total of 1479 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 951 up-regulated genes and 528 down-regulated genes. Among them, 9 significantly up-regulated genes (such as ctla-2α, LCN2 and GPX3) were mainly involved in biological processes including regulation of inflammatory response, oxidative stress and immune effector process. Metabolomic analysis was conducted on uterine tissue samples collected from recipients on 2.5 days post-treatment, and a total of 161 significantly differential metabolites were screened out. Specifically, 55 metabolites were up-regulated and 37 were down-regulated in the positive ion mode, while 53 were up-regulated and 16 were down-regulated in the negative ion mode. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these differential metabolites were mainly enriched in pathways related to metabolic processes. Conclusion After superovulatory hormone treatment, abnormalities in the uterine immune microenvironment and metabolic disorders occur in mice, which impairs the quality of transplanted embryos and thereby reduces the implantation rate.