遗传因素诱导脂质积累小胶质细胞形成在阿尔茨海默病中的作用

孙弘艺  刘伟

doi:10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2025.04.015

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解剖学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (4) : 493-498. DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2025.04.015

综述

遗传因素诱导脂质积累小胶质细胞形成在阿尔茨海默病中的作用

孙弘艺² 刘伟^1*

作者信息 +

Genetic factors inducing abnormal lipid metabolism microglial cell formation in Alzheimer’s disease

SUN Hong-yi² LIU Wei^1*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种老年人群中常见的中枢神经系统退行性疾病，遗传因素在其发生发展中具有重要作用。小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统中的常驻巨噬细胞，与AD发生发展关系密切。人AD脑组织染色结果及全基因组关联研究（GWAS）表明，载脂蛋白E基因（APOE）4、髓样细胞上表达的触发受体-2(TREM2)、核受体REV-ERBα及ATP结合盒转运体(ABC) 家族等AD风险基因参与诱导小胶质细胞脂代谢紊乱与脂质积累小胶质细胞（LDAM）的产生。现从遗传学角度对LDAM产生的原因进行综述，并探讨其以神经元损害等方式诱发AD的可能机制。

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common degenerative diseases of the central nervous system in the elderly population, and genetic factors play an important role in its development. Microglia, as resident macrophages in the central nervous system, are closely related to the occurrence and development of AD. Human AD brain tissue staining result and Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) indicate that AD risk genes such as apolipoprotein E (APOE)4, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), REV-ERBα and ATP binding cassette (ABC) family are involved in inducing lipid metabolism disorders in microglia and the occurrence of lipid-droplet-accumulating microglia (LDAM). This article reviews the genetic causes of LDAM, and discusses the possible mechanism of AD induced by neuronal damage and other means.

导出引用

孙弘艺刘伟. 遗传因素诱导脂质积累小胶质细胞形成在阿尔茨海默病中的作用[J]. 解剖学报. 2025, 56(4): 493-498 https://doi.org/10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2025.04.015

SUN Hong-yi LIU Wei. Genetic factors inducing abnormal lipid metabolism microglial cell formation in Alzheimer’s disease[J]. Acta Anatomica Sinica. 2025, 56(4): 493-498 https://doi.org/10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2025.04.015

中图分类号： R3

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