目的 探讨中国台湾地区人群体部性状的性别差异分布状况。方法 将45组中国台湾人群（高山族含阿美人、泰雅人、布农人、排湾人、卑南人、平埔人、鲁凯人和邹人，汉族含闽南人和外省人）作为研究对象，选取28项体部性状并计算其两性差异指数（I_sd），并与中国大陆人群展开对比。结果 中国台湾人群体部性状的两性差异指数变异范围较大，高山族I_sd分布在-1.04%~11.88%，汉族I_sd分布在-1.00%~13.95%。绝大多数性状的性别差异程度处于中等以上，仅骨盆宽、髂前上棘间宽和大腿围的性别差异程度偏低。聚类结果显示，阿美人、布农人、平埔人、泰雅人、排湾人和闽南人优先聚成一组，而外省人、鲁凯人、邹人和卑南人相距较远；中国台湾人群和中国大陆人群混合聚类在一起。结论 中国台湾各人群间的体部性状I_sd分布存在明显区别，这为解析台湾人群体质提供新的线索。

Objective To examine the distribution of sexual dimorphism in body metrical traits among Taiwanese populations in China. Methods   This study analyzed a total of 45 groups Taiwanese populations in China, including Gaoshan ethnic groups such as the Ami, Atayal, Bunun, Paiwan, Panapanayan, Pingpu, Rukai and Tsou, as wells as Han ethnic groups including Minnan and Waisheng. A total of 28 somatic traits were selected to calculate the sexual dimorphism index (I_sd), enabling us to observe the distribution of sexual dimorphism across Taiwanese populations. Results  The range of variation in I_sd among Taiwanese populations was substantial, with values ranging from -1.04% to 11.88% in the Gaoshan ethnic groups and -1.00% to 13.95% in the Han ethnic groups. Most traits exhibited more than moderate sex differences, while the pelvic width, spinal breadth and thigh circumference showed a low degree of sexual dimorphism. Clustering analysis revealed that the Ami, Bunun, Pingpu, Atayal, Paiwan and Minnan clustered together, and the Rukai, Tsou, Waisheng and Panapanayan clustered separately. Additionally, the Taiwanese populations and mainland Chinese populations were intermixed in a combined cluster. Conclusion  The distribution of I_sd among Taiwanese populations in China demonstrates significantly variation, providing novel insights into the physical characteristics of Taiwanese populations.