目的 揭示甘肃河西走廊3个游牧人群脂肪率、肌肉量的发育特点。方法采用生物电阻抗分析法，测定甘肃哈萨克族263例、甘肃蒙古族400例、裕固族362例成人13项脂肪率、肌肉量的指标值。结果河西走廊3个游牧人群男性内脏脂肪等级均与年龄成显著正相关，总肌肉量、推定骨量均与年龄成显著负相关。女性体脂率、内脏脂肪等级、左、右上肢脂肪率、右下肢脂肪率及躯干脂肪率7项指标均与年龄成显著正相关，躯干肌肉量均与年龄成显著负相关。主成分分析结果显示，河西走廊3个游牧人群脂肪率、肌肉量特征接近，男性内脏脂肪等级较高，女性内脏脂肪等级正常。在13个人群中，河西走廊3个游牧人群脂肪率高，肌肉量多。总的说来，游牧人群脂肪率、肌肉量大于半农半牧人群，更明显大于农耕人群。历史上河西走廊人群的长期融合导致这3个游牧人群遗传结构相对接近，是其脂肪率、肌肉量接近的遗传因素。人均可支配收入较高是甘肃哈萨克族、甘肃蒙古族脂肪率、肌肉量高的社会经济因素。年平均温度低是甘肃哈萨克族、裕固族肌肉量多的环境因素。结论甘肃哈萨克族、甘肃蒙古族、裕固族脂肪率、肌肉量具有中国北方人群的特征。

Objective To reveal the development characteristics of fat percentage and muscle mass in three nomadic populations in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu.   Methods Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to determine the values of 13 indexes of fat percentage and muscle mass in 263 cases of Gansu Kazakhs, 400 cases of Gansu Mongols, and 362 cases of Yugu adults.     Results In the three nomadic populations of the Hexi Corridor, visceral fat level of males was significantly positively correlated with age, while total body muscle mass and estimated bone mass were significantly negatively correlated with age. In females, percent body fat, visceral fat grade, percent left and right upper limb fat, percent right lower limb fat and percent trunk fat were all significantly positively correlated with age, while trunk muscle mass was significantly negatively correlated with age. The result  of principal component analysis showed that the three nomadic populations in the Hexi Corridor were close to each other in terms of fat percentage and muscle mass characteristics, with high visceral fat grades in males and normal visceral fat grade in females. Among the 13 populations, three nomadic groups in the Hexi Corridor had high fat percentage and muscle mass. Overall, the nomadic population had greater fat percentage and muscle mass than the semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral population, and even more significantly greater than the agrarian population. The long-term integration of the historical Hexi Corridor populations result ed in the relative proximity of the genetic structure of three nomadic populations, which was a genetic factor for the proximity of their fat percentage and muscle mass. Higher per capita disposable income was a socio-economic factor for high fat percentage and muscle mass among Gansu Kazakhs and Gansu Mongolians. Low average annual temperature was an environmental factor for high muscle mass among Gansu Kazakhs and Yugus.    Conclusion Gansu Kazakhs, Gansu Mongols, and Yugus have the fat percentage and muscle mass characteristic of northern Chinese populations.