目的  探讨中国不同语言族群体部特征的共性与差异。 方法  对中国8个语言族群成人65 343例（男性29 667例，女性35 676例）的体部指标数据进行了测量。采用主成分分析方法探讨中国人体部发育的特点。 结果  中国8个语言族群中阿尔泰语系3个族群体重值最大，躯干围度大，身材高，下肢长，躯干长。汉语族族群的身体高度、长度、体重、躯干的围度值略低于阿尔泰语系族群。藏缅语族族群在南方族群中属于身体高度、长度、体重、躯干围度较大的人群。相比之下，南方的壮侗语族族群、苗瑶语族族群、南亚语系族群躯干围度较小，体重较轻，身材较矮，下肢较短，躯干较短。 结论  北方（或南方）语言族群体部特征相对接近，这反映了中国语言族群体部特征的共性。中国语言族群体部特征差异主要反映在北方3个语言族群体部指标值明显大于南方4个语言族群。遗传因素、地理环境因素和社会发展因素都影响着中国语言族群的体部特征。 

Objective  To explore the commonalities and differences of the body characteristics of different language groups in China.  Methods  The body index data of 65 343 adults (29 667 males and 35 676 females) from 8 language groups in China were measured. Principal component analysis was used to explore the characteristics of human body development in China. Results  Among the eight language groups in China, the three ethnic groups of the Altai languages have the largest body weight, large trunk circumference, high stature, long lower limbs, and long trunk. The body height, length, weight and trunk circumference of the Han ethnic group were slightly inferior to those of the Altaic ethnic group. The Tibetan-Burmese ethnic group belongs to the group with higher body height, length, weight and trunk circumference in the southern ethnic group. In contrast, the Zhuang-Dong ethnic group, the Miao-Yao ethnic group and the South Asian ethnic group in the south had smaller trunk circumference, lighter weight, shorter stature, shorter lower limbs and shorter trunk.  Conclusion  The body characteristics of the northern (or southern) language groups are relatively close, which reflects the commonality of the characteristics of the Chinese language groups. The differences in the characteristics of Chinese language groups are mainly reflected in the fact that the index values of the three language groups in the north are significantly larger than those of the four language groups in the south. Genetic factors, geographical environment factors and social development factors all affect the body characteristics of Chinese language ethnic group.