人脑组织库是根据标准操作方案收集、处理和保存死亡后捐献者大脑和相关组织以及临床信息，并提供组织样本和数据以促进神经科学研究的资源库。人脑组织库是神经科学研究和神经疾病诊断的基础，保证人脑组织库样本质量标准化十分重要。中国人脑组织库（简称脑库）协作联盟标准化操作方案（SOP）第1版发布于2017年，脑库联盟成员日益增多，为确保提供脑组织样本的质量标准一致性，脑库联盟专家对第1版SOP进行了修订，以满足日益增长的神经科学研究需求。修订版SOP强调了伦理标准，增加了神经病理学评估脑区，并对脊髓取材和病理评估加以了说明。 

 Human brain banks use a standardized protocol to collect, process and store post-mortem human brains and related tissues, along with relevant clinical information, and to provide the tissue samples and data as a resource to foster neuroscience research according to a standardized operating protocols (SOP). Human brain bank serves as the foundation for neuroscience research and the diagnosis of neurological disorders, highlighting the crucial rule of ensuring the consistency of standardized quality for brain tissue samples. The first version of SOP in 2017 was published by the China Human Brain Bank Consortium. As members increases from different regions in China, a revised SOP was drafted by experts from the China Human Brain Bank Consortium to meet the growing demands for neuroscience research. The revised SOP places a strong emphasis on ethical standards, incorporates neuropathological evaluation of brain regions, and provides clarity on spinal cord sampling and pathological assessment. Notable enhancements in this updated version of the SOP include reinforced ethical guidelines, inclusion of matching controls in recruitment, and expansion of brain regions to be sampled for neuropathological evaluation.