随着我国社会经济水平的提升，老龄化问题日益凸显，使脑梗死成为老年人中较为常见的疾病。近年来，对脑梗死的研究逐渐深入，不再仅着眼于神经元的保护和修复，而更注重脑血管单元炎性反应与自噬之间复杂的相互关系，涵盖了血脑屏障、星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞与自噬等多方面的相互作用。这一研究方向的转变为我们提供了深刻了解脑梗死机制的新视角，为未来治疗策略的创新提供了有力支持。在本综述中，我们深入探讨了脑梗死发病机制中脑血管单元炎性反应与自噬相互关系的重要性，强调了这些生物组分之间错综复杂的互动，为更为有效治疗脑梗死奠定了基础。通过对现有研究的全面梳理，我们提出了未来研究的方向，期望为脑梗死的临床管理和治疗提供更为科学和系统的指导。

With the improvement of China’s socioeconomic status, the issue of aging has become increasingly prominent, making cerebral infarction a common disease among the elderly. In recent years, research on cerebral infarction has gradually deepened, shifting focus from merely protecting and repairing neurons to emphasizing the complex interplay between inflammatory response and autophagy in the brain vascular unit, covering various aspects such as the blood-brain barrier, astrocytes, microglia, and autophagy. This shift in research direction has provided us with a profound understanding of the mechanisms underlying cerebral infarction, offering strong support for innovative future treatment strategies. In this review, we delved into the importance of the interplay between inflammatory response and autophagy in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction, emphasized the intricate interactions among these biological components, which might lay the groundwork for more effective managements and treatments of cerebral infarction. By comprehensively reviewing existing literatures, we proposed future research directions, aiming to provide more scientific and systematic guidance for the clinical management and treatment of cerebral infarction.