目的 通过肱骨远端形态探讨鉴定中国华北人群性别的可行性和准确率。  方法 观察肱骨远端的鹰嘴窝形状、滑车对称性、滑车中部收缩和内上髁角度4项特征，每项特征分为“男性”、“性别不明”、“女性”3类。统计70例（男、女各35例）华北地区明清时期个体肱骨的形态特征，比较男女肱骨远端形态不同类别的出现率和性别鉴定准确率。  结果 男女肱骨远端4项特征的表现差异显著（P<0.05）。单项特征中内上髁角度的鉴定准确率最高为76%，而滑车中部收缩的鉴定准确率最低仅为52%。综合4项特征的鉴定准确率高于单项，为76%（男性83%，女性68%）。  结论 在缺少头骨和盆骨的情况下，可以利用肱骨远端形态鉴定性别。

Objective To explore the feasibility and accuracy of sex determination by morphology of the distal humerus in North China population.   Methods Observing sexually dimorphic differences of olecranon fossa shape, trochlear symmetry, trochlear constriction and angle of medial epicondyle. Each characteristic was divided into three categories: male, unknown and female. The morphological characteristics of the humerus of 70 individuals (35 males and 35 females) from the Ming and Qing Dynasties in North China were counted to compare the occurrence rate of different categories of distal humeral morphology and the accuracy rate of sex determination.   Results There were statistically significant differences in the performance of the four traits of the distal humerus between males and females. The accuracy rate of angle of medial epicondyle was the highest at 76%, while the lowest accuracy rate of trochlear constriction was only 52%. The accuracy of the combined four traits was higher than the single ones, with an accuracy rate of 76% (83% for males and 68% for females).   Conclusion Distal humerus morphology can be used to determine sex when skulls and pelvis are absent.