目的  赛加羚羊( Saiga antelope )是小种群栖息在荒漠和半荒漠地带的国家及世界濒危保护动物，其野生种群极为罕见。为了探讨赛加羚羊的低氧耐受性与脑红蛋白（NGB）的相关性，以1只因难产而死的雌性赛加羚羊为对象，各组织样品重复取样3次，对赛加羚羊脑组织在适应低氧过程中脑红蛋白的分布情况与表达规律进行了研究。  方法  利用免疫组织化学和Real-time PCR技术，检测NGB在赛加羚羊脑组织顶叶、额叶、颞叶、枕叶、下丘脑、海马、梨状叶、扣带回、纹状体和丘脑中分布特征和表达量。     结果  免疫组织化学染色结果表明，NGB在赛加羚羊脑组织的各部位均有阳性表达，在大脑皮质顶叶、额叶、颞叶和枕叶中发生阳性反应的细胞多为颗粒细胞和马丁诺蒂细胞；海马中的颗粒细胞层、锥体细胞层和分子细胞层均可见NGB的阳性表达，其中锥体细胞层阳性反应着色最强；梨状叶和下丘脑中的NGB阳性表达主要发生在多型细胞中；NGB在扣带回的颗粒细胞和胶质细胞中均有阳性表达，主要表达于颗粒细胞中；NGB在纹状体中的阳性表达主要定位于颗粒细胞；NGB在丘脑中的阳性表达可见于多型细胞和神经胶质细胞，且多型细胞的阳性物质着色明显。Real-time PCR结果表明，NGB在赛加羚羊脑组织不同区域中均有表达，在大脑皮质的额叶中表达量最高，顶叶表达量次之，且表达量均显著高于脑组织其余区域（P＜0.05）；其中，海马、下丘和丘脑中的表达量显著高于其余区域（P＜0.05）；梨状叶表达量显著高于颞叶、枕叶、扣带回和纹状体（P＜0.05）；颞叶和枕叶的表达量显著高于扣带回和纹状体（P＜0.05）；在扣带回和纹状体中的表达量最低（P＞0.05）。   结论  赛加羚羊脑组织不同区域NGB的表达在长期适应低氧环境过程中存在一定的选择性差异，额叶和顶叶对低氧具有相对最高的耐受度，海马等次之，纹状体对低氧耐受度相对最弱，这可能与脑组织不同区域的特定功能有关。

Objective  Saiga antelope is a small population inhabiting in desert and semi desert areas of national and world endangered protected animals, its wild population is extremely rare. In order to explore the correlation between hypoxic tolerance and neuroglobin (NGB) in Saiga antelope. A female Saiga antelope died of dystocia was used as the experimental animal, and the tissue samples were sampled repeatedly for 3 times to study the distribution and expression of NGB in brain of Saiga antelope in the process of adapting to hypoxia.     Methods  The distribution and expression of NGB in the parietal lobe, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, hypothalamus, hippocampus, pear like leaf, cingulate gyrus, striatum and thalamus of Saiga antelope were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC) and Real-time PCR.      Results  The result  of IHC showed that NGB was positive in all parts of  Saiga antelope brain, and the cells that had positive reactions in the parietal, frontal, temporal and occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex were mostly granular cells and martinotti cells. NGB was found in the granular cell layer, pyramidal cell layer and molecular cell layer in hippocampus, and the positive staining of pyramidal cell layer was the strongest. NGB positive expression in Pear like leaves and hypothalamus mainly occured in multi-type cells. NGB was expressed in the granulocytes and glial cells of cingulate gyrus, mainly in the granular cells. The positive expression of NGB in striatum was mainly located in granular cells, the positive expression of NGB in thalamus could be seen in the polymorphosis and glial cells, and the positive substance of the multi-type cells was obviously colored. The result of Real-time PCR showed that NGB was expressed in different regions of Saiga antelope brain, the highest expression in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex, the second in the parietal lobe, and the expression was significantly higher than that in the rest of the brain tissue (P<0.05). The expression of hippocampus, hypothalamus and thalamus was significantly higher than that in the rest (P<0.05). The expression of pear like leaves was significantly higher than that of temporal lobe, occipital lobe, cingulate gyrus and striatum (P<0.05). The expression of temporal and occipital lobe was significantly higher than that of cingulate gyrus and striatum (P<0.05). The expression of the cingulate gyrus and striatum was the lowest (P>0.05).      Conclusion  The expression of NGB in different regions of Saiga antelope has some selective differences in the long-term adaptation to hypoxia environment. The frontal and parietal lobes have the highest tolerance to hypoxia, followed by hippocampus, and the striatum is the weakest, which may be related to the specific functions of different regions of brain tissue, but the specific mechanism remains to be further explored.