目的 探讨随年龄增长中国蒙古族容貌发生变化的规律。  方法 对蒙古族13个族群4 410例（男为1916例，女为2494例）的头面部24项人体指标进行测量，计算12项头面部指数值。通过相关分析方法研究头面部指标及指数随年龄增长而变化的规律，通过方差分析方法，研究指标值、指数值3个年龄组间的差异是否具有统计学意义。  结果 随年龄增长，蒙古族人两个下颌角之间距离变宽，口变宽，鼻的宽度、高度、长度增加，上唇皮肤部变高，耳的长度、宽度增加，头、额、面、乳突间、耳屏间的宽度变窄，两眼的宽度变窄，上、下红唇变薄，头的围度变小，头的高度变低，头的前后长度没有明显变化。随年龄增长蒙古族面变得狭长一些，面部的高度在全头高中所占的比例加大，鼻变得更阔些，头部显得相对更长一些，相对更低一些、相对更阔一些，左、右额颞点距离相对显得更靠近一些，口裂显得更细长些，耳的长宽比例变化不大。  结论 随年龄增长，蒙古族人容貌特征发生了明显改变。

Objective To explore the law of changes in the appearance of Chinese Mongolians with age.   Methods Totally 24 human indexes of head and face from 4410 cases (1916 males and 2494 females) and 13 Mongolian ethnic groups were measured, and 12 craniofacial indexes were calculated. Correlation analysis was used to study the changes of craniofacial indexes and indexes with age. The method  of analysis of variance was used to study whether the differences between the index values and index values of the three age groups were statistically significant.   Results With the increase of age, the distance between the two mandibular angles became wider, the mouth widened, the width, height and length of the nose increased, the skin of the upper lip increased, the length and width of the ear increased, the width of the head, forehead, face, mastoid and tragus narrowed, the width of the eyes narrowed, the upper and lower lips thinned, the circumference of the head and the height of the head decreased, and the length of the head did not change significantly. With the increase of age, the Mongolian face becomes narrower and longer, the proportion of the height of the face in the whole head high school increases, the nose becomes wider, and the head appears to be relatively longer, lower and wider. The distance between the left and right frontotemporal points is relatively closer, the mouth cleft appears more slender, and the ratio of length to width of the ear does not change much.   Conclusion With the increase of age, the facial features of Mongolian have changed.