汉族、黎族、维吾尔族和藏族头面部测量特征比较

陆九正; 谭婧泽; 乔辉; 孙畅

doi:10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2022.04.017

PDF(1465 KB)

解剖学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4) : 526-533. DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2022.04.017

汉族、黎族、维吾尔族和藏族头面部测量特征比较

陆九正乔辉孙畅谭婧泽*

作者信息 +

Comparison of head and face measurement traits in Chinese Han, Li, Uygur and Tibetan population

LU Jiu-zheng QIAO Hui SUN Chang TAN Jing-ze*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的探讨头面部测量特征在汉族、黎族、维吾尔族和藏族人群间的关系。方法 2008年~2011年，在江苏、海南、新疆和西藏地区共测量1034例（汉族348例、黎族165例、维吾尔族305例、藏族216例）青年个体的16项头面部测量特征，进行性别间差异分析、人群间共性及差异分析及人群间主成分分析。结果 16项头面部测量特征大多数都存在性别差异，且男性测量均值多大于女性；4个人群均以圆头型和超圆头型为主，汉族、黎族和维族以阔面型为主，汉族、黎族和藏族以中鼻型为主，显示了4个人群在头面部上具有的同质特点。但是4个人群的头面部又存在一些异质特点，比如汉族的面最阔，黎族的鼻最阔，维族的鼻最狭，藏族的面最狭。群体关系上，汉族和黎族相对更接近，而维族和藏族相对接近。结论 4个人群的头面部测量特征既存在共性也存在差异，汉族和黎族之间的群体关系相对更接近，维族和藏族人群之间的群体关系相对接近，这种人群间的同质及异质特点可为后期遗传学、法医学等领域提供数据和理论支持。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the relationship between the head and face traits of Han, Li, Uygur and Tibetan population. Methods From 2008 to 2011, sixteen head and face measurement traits were measured in Chinese young individuals from Jiangsu, Hainan, Xinjiang and Tibet, with sample size of 1034 ( 348 Han, 165 Li, 305 Uygur, 216 Tibetan ). The gender difference analysis, commonalities and differences between populations and principal component analysis were carried out. Results Most of the sixteen head and face measurement traits showed significant gender differences, the mean measurements of most features of males were bigger than those of females in four populations. Samples of the four populations usually had brachycephaly and hyperbrachycephaly. Most Han, Li and Uygur belonged to euryprosopy. Han, Li and Tibetan were typically mesorrhiny. The homogenous features of head and face of the four populations were shown. However, the head and face of the four populations also had some heterogeneous features. For instance, Han had the broadest face and Li had the broadest nose among all four populations. Furthermore, Uygur had the narrowest nose and Tibetan had the narrowest face. The result in population relationships presented that the head and face measurement traits of Han and Li were relatively similar, while those of Uygur and Tibetan were narrower. Conclusion There are commonalities and differences in the head and face measurement traits among the four populations. The group relationship between Han and Li is relatively similar, and that between Uygur and Tibetan is relatively close. The homogeneity and heterogeneity between populations can provide data and theoretical support for genetics, forensic science and other fields.

导出引用

陆九正乔辉孙畅谭婧泽. 汉族、黎族、维吾尔族和藏族头面部测量特征比较[J]. 解剖学报. 2022, 53(4): 526-533 https://doi.org/10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2022.04.017

LU Jiu-zheng QIAO Hui SUN Chang TAN Jing-ze. Comparison of head and face measurement traits in Chinese Han, Li, Uygur and Tibetan population[J]. Acta Anatomica Sinica. 2022, 53(4): 526-533 https://doi.org/10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2022.04.017

中图分类号： Q984

参考文献

［1］Zhang ZhB. An Analysis of the physical characteristics of modern Chinese［J］. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 1988, 7 (4):314-323. (in Chinese)

张振标. 现代中国人体质特征及其类型的分析［J］. 人类学学报，1988，7（4）：314-323.

［2］Liu W, Yang MY, Wang YCh. Study of metric traits and geographical variations of modern Chinese skulls［J］. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 1991, 10 (2): 96-106. (in Chinese)

刘武，杨茂有，王野城. 现代中国人颅骨测量特征及其地区性差异的初步研究［J］. 人类学学报，1991，10（2）：96-106.

［3］Du BP, Du J. Analysis of physique types and their causes of modern Chinese population by head-to-face measurements［J］. Acta Anatomica Sinica, 2019, 50 (6): 805-815. (in Chinese)

杜抱朴，杜靖. 从头面部测量性状分析中国现代人群体质类型及其成因［J］. 解剖学报，2019，50（6）：805-815.

［4］Yu KL, Zheng LB, Li YL, et al. Differences of head-face morphological traits between southern and northern Chinese Han［J］. Acta Anatomica Sinica, 2016, 47 (3): 404-408. (in Chinese)

宇克莉, 郑连斌, 李咏兰, 等. 中国北方、南方汉族头面部形态学特征的差异［J］. 解剖学报，2017，47（3）：404-408.

［5］Li ZJ, Wei PP, Sun Ch, et al. Regional differences of nasal discrete traits in Han Chinese［J］. Acta Anatomica Sinica, 2020, 51 (4): 605-612. (in Chinese)

李紫君, 魏偏偏, 孙畅, 等. 汉族鼻部观察类形态特征的地区性差异［J］. 解剖学报，2020，51（4）：605-612.

［6］Li YC, Hu XY, Wang L. The comparison of physical characteristics of 33 minorities in China［J］. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 1993, 12 (1): 49-54. (in Chinese)

黎彦才，胡兴宇，汪澜. 中国33个少数民族（部族）体质特征的比较研究［J］. 人类学学报，1993，12（1）：49-54.

［7］Zheng LB, Lu ShH. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis on the physical characters of 23 populations in China［J］. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 1997, 16 (2): 151-158. (in Chinese)

郑连斌，陆舜华. 我国23个群体体质的聚类分析与主成分分析［J］. 人类学学报，1997，16（2）：151-158.

［8］Ren P, Cui HY. Cluster analysis on physical characteristics of minorities in China［J］. Journal of Jinzhou Medical College, 2001, 22 (4): 17-20. (in Chinese)

任甫，崔洪雨. 我国少数民族体质特征的聚类分析［J］. 锦州医学院学报，2001，22（4）：17-20.

［9］Shao XQ. Anthropometric Manual［M］. Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, 1985: 202-223. (in Chinese)

邵象清. 人体测量手册［M］. 上海：上海辞书出版社，1985: 202-223.

［10］Xi HJ, Chen Zh. Anthropometric Methods［M］. Beijing: Science Press, 2010: 14-156. (in Chinese)

席焕久，陈昭. 人体测量方法［M］. 北京：科学出版社，2010: 145-156.

［11］Zhang HG, Ding M, Jiao YP, et al. A dermatoglyphic study of the Chinese population —— Ⅲ. Dermatoglyphics cluster of fifty-two nationalities in China［J］. Acta Genetica Sinica, 1998, 25(5): 381-391. (in Chinese)

张海国，丁明，焦云萍，等. 中国人肤纹研究—— Ⅲ.中国52个民族的肤纹聚类［J］. 遗传学报，1998，25（5）：381-391.

［12］Zheng LB, Lu ShH, Zheng Q, et al. Principal component analysis on dermatohlyphics of population in China［J］. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2002, 21(3): 231-238. (in Chinese)

郑连斌，陆舜华,郑琪,等.中国人群肤纹的主成分分析［J］. 人类学学报,2002，21（3）：231-238.

［13］Zhang ZhB, Zhang JJ. Anthropological studies on Li nationality in Hainan island, China［J］. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 1982, 1(1): 53-71. (in Chinese)

张振标，张建军. 海南岛黎族体质特征之研究［J］. 人类学学报，1982，1（1）：53-71.

［14］Liu YJ, Guo LH, Yue JT, et al. Genetic polymorphisms of 27 Y-STR loci in 3 Chinese population and the cluster analysis of 13 ethnic groups［J］. Lab Med Clin, 2020, 17(5): 577-581, 585. (in Chinese)

刘亚举，郭利红，岳俊涛，等. 27个Y-STR基因座在中国3个民族的遗传多态性及与其他13个群体的聚类分析［J］. 检验医学与临床，2020，17（5）：57-581, 585.

［15］Li D, Li H, Ou C, et al. Paternal genetic structure of Hainan aborigines isolated at the entrance to East Asia［J］. PLoS One, 2008, 3(5): e2168.

［16］Liu J, Ye Z, Wang Z, et al. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Chinese Han and Li ethnic populations from Hainan Island by 30 autosomal insertion/deletion polymorphisms［J］. Forensic Sciences Research，2019, 12(4): 1-7.

［17］Lin MZ. On origins of Hainan Li nationality［J］. Journal of GuangDong Polytechnic Normal University, 2003, 31(5): 75-81. (in Chinese)

练铭志.关于海南黎族族源的研究［J］. 广东技术师范学院学报, 2003，31(5)：75-81.

［18］Feng Q, Lu Y, Ni X, et al. Genetic history of Xinjiang’s Uyghurs suggests Bronze Age multiple-way contacts in Eurasia［J］. Mol Biol Evol, 2017, 34(10): 2572-2582.

［19］Yu KL, Li YL, Zhang XH, et al. Physical characteristics of the Uyghurs: anthropometric data from Kashgar［J］. Scientia Sinica Vitae, 2020, 50(9):983-995.(in Chinese)

宇克莉，李咏兰，张兴华，等. 维吾尔族体质类型：来自喀什的资料［J］. 中国科学：生命科学，2020，50（9）：983-995.

［20］Zhang ZhB. The physical characters of Zang (Tibetan) nationality［J］. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 1985, 4(3): 250-258. (in Chinese)

张振标. 藏族的体质特征［J］. 人类学学报，1985，4（3）：250-258.

［21］Wang ZX, Wang XY. An anthropological study on Tibetan［J］. Journal of Taishan Medical college, 1997, 18(2): 82-86. (in Chinese)

王增贤，王小亚. 藏族体质特征的初步研究［J］. 泰山医学院学报，1997，18（2）：8-86.

［22］Zhao TM, Lee TD. Gm and Km allotypes in 74 Chinese populations: a hypothesis of the origin of the Chinese nation［J］. Hum Genet, 1989, 83(2): 101-110.

［23］Li DN, Ying DJ, Ou CY, et al. Polymorphism analysis for DYS19 and DYS287 of three Li populations in Hainan Island, China［J］. Hereditas, 2003, 25(1): 5-8. (in Chinese)

李冬娜,应大君,区采莹，等. 中国海南岛三个黎族支系DYS287、DYS19的多态性研究［J］. 遗传，2003，25（1）：5-8.

［24］Xu LP, Xu JJ, Zhu SL, et al. Polymorphic distribution of Y chromosome Alu sequences in 10 Chinese populations［J］. Chinese Science Bulletin Journal, 1998, 43(8): 843-846. (in Chinese)

许丽萍,徐玖瑾,朱苏玲，等. 中国10个人群中Y染色体Alu序列的多态分布［J］. 科学通报，1998，43（8）：843-846.

［25］Yan YSh. A historical picture scroll of Uygur and Tibetan ethnic Relations: A Review of the historical relations between Uygur and Tibetan［J］. China’s Tibet(Chinese), 2008(2): 94-95. (in Chinese)

严永山. 一部维藏民族关系的历史画卷——《维吾尔族与藏族历史关系研究》评介［J］. 中国西藏（中文版），2008（2）：94-95.

［26］Pearson OM. Activity, climate, and postcranial robusticity: implications for modern human origins and scenarios of adaptive change［J］. Curr Anthropol, 2000, 41(4): 569-607.

［27］Yao HB, Wang MG, Zou X, et al. New insights into the fine-scale history of Western-eastern admixture of the northwestern Chinese population in the Hexi Corridor via genome-wide genetic legacy［J］. Mol Genet Genomics, 2021, 296(3): 631-651.

［28］He XL. The characteristics and type of national fusion in China［J］. Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities (Humanities and Social Sciences), 2010, 30(2): 35-43. (in Chinese)

何星亮. 中国历史上民族融合的特点和类型［J］. 中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)，2010，30（2）：35-43.

［29］Chaitanya L, Breslin K, Zu?iga S, et al. The HIrisPlex-S system for eye, hair and skin colour prediction from DNA: Introduction and forensic developmental validation［J］. Forensic Sci Int Genet,2018, 35(4): 123-135.

［30］Zhao WT, Jiang L, Liu J, et al. DNA-based Facial Portrait for Forensic Investigative Purposes［J］. Forensic Science and Technology, 2017, 42(4): 259-263. (in Chinese)

赵雯婷，江丽，刘京，等. 法医DNA面部分子画像技术研究进展及展望［J］. 刑事技术，2017，42（4）：259-263.

［31］Liu J, Qiao L, Zhao LT, et al. Experimentation of Human Facial Predication by Relevant DNA SNPs［J］. Forensic Science and Technology, 2017, 42(4): 264-269. (in Chinese)

刘京，乔露，赵雯婷，等. DNA面部分子画像技术应用研究［J］. 刑事技术，2017，42（4）：264-269.