目的 探讨心肌组织中神经肽Y（NPY）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）及诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的含量及相应受体变化与心力衰竭发生发展的关系。  方法 阿霉素制备大鼠心衰模型（10只），对照组（10只），心脏超声检测评价其心功能，利用神经染色液试剂盒检测神经纤维分布，采用免疫荧光和免疫组织化学染色方法观察NPY、CGRP、iNOS和神经肽Y受体Y1(NPY1R)、受体活性修饰蛋白1 (RAMP1)、鸟苷酸环化酶β-1亚基(GCYB1)的组织表达水平。利用Western blotting检测心肌组织中NPY、CGRP、iNOS和NPY1R、RAMP1和GCYB1受体的蛋白表达水平。  结果 与对照组相比，心衰组大鼠心肌组织CGRP的蛋白表达水平和组织表达分布均显著降低 (P＜0.05)，神经纤维密度、NPY和iNOS的蛋白表达水平和组织表达分布均显著升高(P＜0.05)。心衰组大鼠心肌组织中GCYB1、RAMP1的蛋白表达显著升高，NPY1R的蛋白表达显著降低（P＜0.05）。  结论 心力衰竭可导致心肌组织中神经纤维、CGRP、NPY和iNOS及其受体的含量发生变化和分布发生重构，这可能是导致心脏神经支配失调的原因之一。

Objective  To explore the relationship between the content of neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the changes of the corresponding receptors in myocardial tissue and the development of heart failure.   Methods  Doxorubicin was used to prepare rat heart failure models（10 rats）,control group (10 rats), Cardiac ultrasound testing evaluated its cardiac function, the distribution of nerve fibers was detected by nerve staining kit method, the tissue expression levels of NPY, CGRP, iNOS and neuropeptide Y receptor Y1 (NPY1R), receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), guanylate cyclase beta 1(GCYB1) were observed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining method . Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of NPY, CGRP, iNOS and NPY1R, RAMP1, GCYB1 receptors in myocardial tissue.   Results  Compared with the control group, the protein expression level and tissue expression distribution of CGRP in the myocardial tissue of the heart failure group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the density of nerve fibers,the protein expression level and tissue expression distribution of NPY and iNOS were significantly increased (P<0.05). The protein expression levels of GCYB1 and RAMP1 in myocardial tissue of the heart failure group were significantly increased, while the protein expression levels of NPY1R were significantly decreased (P<0.05).    Conclusion  Heart failure can lead to remodeling of the content and distribution of nerve fibers, CGRP, NPY, iNOS and their receptors in myocardial tissue, which may be one of the causes of cardiac innervation disorders.