目的  寻找一种能够替代二甲苯透明剂的组织石蜡包埋方法。 方法  使用正丁醇和松节油的混合物替代常规石蜡包埋过程中无水乙醇、二甲苯的作用，收取卷茎蓼干预的多发性脑梗模型大鼠的脑、肾、胃、肝、十二指肠组织进行石蜡包埋，最终根据石蜡切片的效果、HE染色以及免疫组织化学结果对这种新型脱水程序做出评价。   结果  正丁醇和松节油的混合物可以替代常规石蜡包埋程序中无水乙醇的脱水、二甲苯的透明作用。经正丁醇、松节油混合物处理后的组织切片流畅，组织无变脆、变硬；HE染色后，新型脱水处理组织的细胞核、细胞质分明，组织的着色度、色泽、透明度与常规脱水程序无差异；通过大鼠不同组织做免疫组织化学染色，经对比结果与常规包埋组织免疫组织化学染色无差异。   结论  正丁醇联合松节油用于组织脱水既能够避免二甲苯对人的毒性作用，还可以减少无水酒精过度脱水对组织的破坏。 

Objective  To look for a tissue paraffin embedding method  that can replace xylene transparent agent.    Methods  The mixture of N-butanol and turpentine was used to replace the role of anhydrous ethanol and xylene in the process of conventional paraffin embedding. The brain, kidney, stomach, liver and duodenum of multiple cerebral infarction model rats were embedded in paraffin. Finally, the new dehydration procedure was evaluated according to the effect of paraffin section, HE staining and immunohistochemical result .    Results  The mixture of N-butanol and turpentine could replace not only the dehydration effect of anhydrous ethanol but also the transparency effect of xylene in the conventional paraffin embedding process. The tissue sections treated with the mixture of N-butanol and turpentine were smooth, and the tissue did not become brittle or hard; After HE staining, the nucleus and cytoplasm of the new dehydrated tissue were distinct, and the chromaticity, color and transparency of the tissue were not different from those of the conventional dehydration procedure; Immunohistochemical staining was performed on different tissues of rats, and the comparison result  were no different from conventional embedded tissue immunohistochemical staining.    Conclusion  N-butanol combined with turpentine for tissue dehydration can not only avoid the toxic effect of xylene on human, but also reduce the tissue damage caused by excessive dehydration of anhydrous alcohol.