目的 探讨湖南农村土家族成人的体型特征。 方法 采用Heath-Carter人体测量体型方法，对976名（男性528人，女性448人）湖南农村土家族成人的体型进行评价。 结果 土家族平均体型男性为偏内胚层的中胚层体型(3.43-5.35-1.61),女性为内胚层-中胚层均衡体型(5.18-5.38-1.01)；随着年龄增长，男女性的内因子值和中因子值均先增加后下降，而外因子值先下降后递增；各年龄组男性内因子值均明显低于女性，中因子值男女性差异无显著性，多个年龄组男性的外因子值明显高于女性。 结论 湖南农村土家族成人骨骼、肌肉系统较发达，男性体型较为修长，女性皮下脂肪较发达，体态丰满。30个乡村族群中，土家族成人的中因子值较大，外因子值和内因子值较小，体型与木雅人、尔苏人等接近。

Objective To investigate the somatotype characteristics of rural Tujia adults in Hu’nan. Methods The Heath-Carter somatotyping method was used to study the somatotype of 976 adults (528 males and 448 females) of Tujia in the rural areas of Hu’nan. Results The mean somatotype in males of Tujia was endomorphic mesomorph category (3.43-5.35-1.61) and was endomorph-mesomorph category (5.18-5.38-1.01) in females.With their age increasing, the values of endomorphy and mesomorphy increased at first and then gradually decreased both males and females, and the values of ectomorphy decreased at first and then increased. The values of endomorphy of males in all age groups were significantly lower than those of females with the same ages, the values of mesomorphy of males showed no significant difference compared with those of females, and the values of ectomorphy of males were significantly higher than those of females in most age groups with the same ages. Conclusion Tujia adults have a strong physique and developed skeleton muscles, male body is relatively slender, and female subcutaneous fat is more developed and buxom.The somatotype of Tujia adults have a higher mesomorphy, a lower endomorphy and ectomorphy among 30 rural ethnic groups, which are close to those of Muya and Ersu.