目的 通过肾锥体标本的制作，对人、羊和猪的肾锥体大小、数量及形态结构特征进行比较解剖学研究。 方法 自肾动脉灌注7%甲醛固定人、羊和猪的肾标本，采用解剖剥制技术，自肾的皮质向深方逐层剥离暴露出肾锥体，测量肾锥体的大小、数量及观察肾锥体的形态结构特征。 结果 人、羊和猪的肾锥体分界清楚。人肾柱明显，肾锥体呈现多枝“菜花样”结构，每个肾锥体是由3～5个形似圆锥形的“肾亚锥体”组成的“肾锥体单元”，亚锥体尖端在肾乳头处逐渐融合，共同开口于肾小盏。人的肾锥体单元的底面呈多结节状突起。羊和猪的肾柱狭细。羊的“肾亚锥体”不明显，在肾中部存在多个肾乳头开口处形成的嵴状隆起。猪的肾锥体数量较多，“肾亚锥体”较少。 结论 通过肾锥体的剥离，进行了人、羊和猪的肾锥体的形态学特征比较观察，更新和补充了人、羊和猪肾锥体的形态学特征。

Objective To investigate the size, quantity and morphology characteristics of renal pyramids in the human, goat and swines. Methods Seven percent formaldehyde was perfused in the kidney specimens of human, goat and swine through renal artery. The kidneys were dissected to reveal the structures from the renal cortex into the deep, the renal pyramids. The renal pyramids were measured in size, number and their structure characteristics, and compared with each other. Results The renal pyramids’ boundaries of all three species were clearly recognized. The renal columns had sharp borders in human, and the renal pyramid shaped like broccoli, composed by 3-5 coneshaped sub-pyramids, namely the renal pyramid units. The basement of the pyramids presented a multi-tuber appearance, as well as the apexes of the pyramid units merged at renal papillae and opened to the minor renal calices in Human. The renal columns were narrower in goat and swine. The renal pyramid units were unobvious, with several crest-like protrusions near the openings of the renal papillae at the middle portion of the kidney in goat. However, swine had more renal pyramids and less pyramids units. Conclusion Renal pyramids morphologic characteristics are revealed in human, goat and swine via renal pyramid dissection and comparative observation. It is a morphological evidence in order to diagnose and treatment in kidney disease.