目的 探讨形态学检验方法在心肌疾病中的应用，评价其优缺点。 方法 运用磷钨酸苏木素（PTAH）染色法、Masson 3色染色法、弹力纤维组织（ET）+Van Gieson（VG）染色法、刚果红染色法、过碘酸雪夫氏（PAS）染色法、革兰氏染色法、以及免疫组织化学法及透射电子显微镜对心肌组织进行检测。 结果 HE染色对心肌组织的区分度不好;Masson 3色染色法对心肌细胞和胶原纤维有明确的区分作用;ET+VG染色法可以很好地区分弹力纤维、胶原纤维、肌纤维和淀粉样物质; 刚果红染色主要用于淀粉样物质的检测; PAS反应可辅助诊断糖原累积症; 免疫组织化学（IHC）技术在疾病模型的研究及对疾病的观察中具有重要辅助作用；电子显微镜对超微结构的观察是病因学诊断的重要手段。 结论 运用组织水平、亚细胞水平以及分子水平的形态检验方法，对心肌组织样本进行观察与评估，可以得到较好的效果。

Objective To investigate the use of morphology inspection methods in myocardial diseases, and to evaluate their advantages and disadvantages. Methods Myocardial tissues were staining by phosphotungstic aci hematoxylin(PTAH)，Masson，elastic fiber tissue (ET)+Van Gienson(VG)， Congo red，Schiff periodic acid shiff(PAS)，and Gram staining methods. Immunehistochemical method, and transmission microscopy had also been applied to study the myocardial tissue. Results HE staining differentiation of myocardial tissue was not well; Masson trichromatic staining differentiation of myocardial cells and collagen fibers had clear distinction; ET + VG staining method was able to distinguish among elastic fibers,collagen fibers, fibers and amyloid; Congo red stain was mainly used in the detection of amyloidosis, the PAS reaction assisted in the diagnosis of glycogen storage disease. Immunohistochemical technology was an useful tool in disease model study and diagnosis of the cardiac disease. Electron microscopic observation of the ultrastructure was an important means of etiological diagnosis. Conclusion For myocardial tissue samples, a combination of morphology methods of the histology, subcellular and molecular can get a better observation.